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109 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does Punic mean? |
Phoenician |
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What was Carthage? |
The dominant Phoenician port |
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Where was the first armed conflict and what was it for? |
The Port of Messina, for control of the harbor |
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How did the Romans eventually beat the Phoenicians? |
By copying their ships, the Romans had many more men. |
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How did the first Punic War end? |
Carthage surrendered and had to sign a treaty that gave their right away to some islands and made them pay a large debt. |
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What is Ostia? |
A Roman built naval base |
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What is Sagunto? |
A Roman built fortification on a plateau outside of their control |
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What did Hamilcar Barca believe and create? |
He believed the Carthaginians were betrayed and not defeated in the first Punic War. He made a VFW |
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VFW |
Veterans of Foreign Wars |
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Why was Hamilcar Barca banished to Tunisia? |
He refused to sacrifice his first son, Hannibal |
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Where did Hamilcar and the people who followed him go after they were banished and what did they do there? |
They went to the Plains of Zama and took control of the shantytown. |
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What were the three sons of Hamilcar given as their life goal and who was the most famous son? |
Their goal was to annihilate Rome, Hannibal |
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What did the people at Zama do in 227 B.C.? |
They went to build New Carthage |
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What were the Iberian Wars? |
The resistance to Hamilcar's people by the Iberians |
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What was Hannibal's goal and what is his claim to fame? |
To kill every Italian, he caused the most terror ever in Roman history |
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About how many men were in Hannibal's army? |
200,000 |
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In Hannibal's army what role were the Carthaginians, Libyans, Numidians, Celts, Mahouts, Balleins, and Lusitanians? |
The Carthaginians were infantry, the Libyans and Numidians were the cavalry, the Celts organized the battlefield plunder, the Balleins personally guarded Hannibal, the Mahouts just trained and commanded the battle elephants, and the Lusitanians were infantry. |
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What aspect of his army makes Hannibal's feats even more impressive? |
The Carthaginians were the only soldiers who spoke his language, and they only ever made up 10% of his army. |
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What did the Numidians do after battle? |
They tied their prisoners up, rode by on a horse, and tried to cut their hamstrings, then they would either torture or kill them. |
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Why did the Celts organize the battlefield plunder and how did they get rings? |
They had a code of ethics and they would just cut fingers off the dead soldiers |
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What strange thing did the Lusitanians do after battle? |
They cut off the right hand of every dead soldier and stewed it and ate it. They believed it renewed their warrior spirit |
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What sometimes caused problems among the ranks of Hannibal's army? |
The Celts wanted the fingers from the right hand, the Lusitanians wanted the right hand, and the Numidians wanted their enemies alive. |
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How did the Balleins treat Hannibal and why? |
They treated him like a god and guarded him with about two-hundred of their best warriors because they resented the Roman incursion on their island and he seemed like a Moses figure to them. |
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What did the Ballein guards do when Hannibal committed suicide? |
They all committed suicide at once on top of his body |
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What would Romans do because they heard the exaggerated stories of Hannibal's army? |
They would kill themselves before they were caught, or try and choke themselves with sod after they had been caught to avoid the torture. |
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In battle what would terrified Romans also do to escape the wrath of Hannibal's army? |
They would pretend to be dead, then crawl off at night |
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In 219 B.C. what city does Hannibal lay siege to and about how many men did he have with him? |
Sagunto, he had about 170,000 men because he left 30,000 at Carthage with Hasdrubal |
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How long did the siege last and what happened to Hannibal? |
About three months, he was hit by a lance in the leg, he snapped it, and used his femur bone as leverage to pull his leg out and away from the lance |
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To make it appear as though he were omnipotent, what did Hannibal do? |
He publicly rewarded heroic and cowardly deeds that happened in the siege on Sagunto. He slit the cowards' throats. |
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About how many people lived in Arles and what river was the town on? |
About 3,000 people, Arles was on the Rhone River |
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How did Hannibal destroy Arles? |
He placed the majority of his troops to the west a couple miles, then he put his brother to the east, soldiers upstream and downstream of the river, and had the Libyans attack head on. The Libyans were driven back across the Rhone, then all of the soldiers collapsed on the Volcae people, and razed the city after slaughtering every single one of them. |
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After Arles, where did Hannibal's army move to and what were the conditions there like? |
They moved into the Guil valley, where it was very cold and they were attacked by the Helvetti. |
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How long did Hannibal stay in the Guil valley and how many men did he lose? |
He stayed about 17 days and lost 15-20 thousand men. |
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What happened at Col de la Traversette? |
Publius Cornelius Scipio see the Africans of Hannibal's army and retreats |
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Where did Hannibal kill Sempronius Longus and what happened that made Hannibal lose his surprise advantage? |
He crushed them at Piacenza, and about 200 Romans escaped who gave up his secret. |
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Where did Hannibal set up camp and wait out the winter? |
Fiesole |
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What thing did Gaius Flaminius do that let Hannibal easily outsmart him? |
He prepared Arezzo for a siege, he put 20,000 men in its walls. Hannibal came and just marched by them, the Romans couldn't exit or else they would get hit by the archers. |
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How did Hannibal crush the Gaius Flaminius when they followed him? |
The Romans assumed Hannibal would get stuck at Lake Trasimene, he had his infantry go to the hills, east and west of the valley they entered, and used the cavalry to block the view of the Romans. When Gaius Flaminius reached Hannibal, he had the infantry on one side of valley sprint to the other side and close the gap. Then he had the other side do it also, then he slaughtered them.
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What did Hannibal do after killing Flaminius? |
He backtracked to Arezzo and killed, raped, looted, and razed it. |
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Where did Hannibal move to next and why? |
He moved to the eastern part of the city-state of Rome to terrorize it. |
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Lucius Paullus and Gaius Varro, how old were they, how many men did they each command, and how did they get their military positions of power? |
Lucius was 20, Gaius was 23, they each had 40,000 men, their dads who were in the senate bought the power for both of them, they had no military experience. |
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How old was Quintus Fabius Maximus and how many men did he control? |
He was 32 and had about 15,000 men. |
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What did each of those three military leaders say about Hannibal's army? |
Lucius and Gaius both said that they would go out, with the other's soldiers, and crush Hannibal. Quintus said that they needed to wait and gather more information about Hannibal's army. |
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What did Rome do with those three men and their troops? |
They combined Gaius's and Lucius's and had them go out looking for Hannibal. Quintus basically served as backup. |
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What happens at the Battle of Cannae? |
Gaius and Lucius saw Hannibal's army in a 2-mile arc at Cannae, they mirrored his army and broke a hole through the bend that was formed, and then Hannibal made his army into a more vertical shape, they then compacted the Romans into about 2.5 acres, only the outside Romans could attack, when it was over, the Romans lost about 82,000 men, Hannibal lost about 2,000.
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How did Quintus find the battlefield and what did he realize when he saw the dead Romans? |
He found the battlefield by the smell of the bodies and the noise of the bugs there, he realized that Rome was completely unguarded, and the only Roman troops left were his, about 15,000. |
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When Quintus returned to Rome, what was he shocked to find out, and why was it like this? |
He found out that Hannibal hadn't attacked the city, even though he could have crushed it with absolutely no resistance, he didn't believe that anyone would leave Rome unguarded, he thought he wouldn't be able to beat them. |
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What is ironic about the Punic wars? |
Rome won the war because Hannibal overestimated them, but Hannibal won every battle because the Romans underestimated him. |
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When Quintus told Rome about their problem, what did they declare and what does that mean? |
They declared Martial Law, which means that the civilians give up their rights and become soldiers, and the military is in full control. |
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What happened in 216-212 B.C. while Hannibal terrorized southern Rome? |
The Roman army grew, the emergency waned, and Quintus didn't take the bait to go attack Hannibal, instead he sends cavalry patrols to attack them with guerrilla warfare. |
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What happened in 212 B.C.? |
Hannibal went to the gates of Rome and threw a spear at it in frustration because it was the most fortified city he'd ever attacked |
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What happened in 212-208 B.C.? |
Hannibal terrorized Umbria and Tuscany, both of which are north of the Roman city-state |
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How was New Carthage able to be destroyed, and what did the Romans do to the people there? |
New Carthage was undefended because Hasdrubal abandoned the city while trying to draw away the Romans, and the Romans crucified every citizen. |
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What did Hasdrubal do when he arrived at Fano in 207 B.C. and why was this stupid of him? |
He sent out five Africans to look for Hannibal, the Romans hated all Africans so they were immediately captured and interrogated, Quintus found out that Hasdrubal was in Italy before Hannibal did. |
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When Hasdrubal was found and killed, what did Quintus do with his head? |
He sent it to Hannibal as a message that his brother was crushed. |
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What happened in 202 B.C. at the Plains of Zama? |
25,000 of Hannibal's men were killed because the Romans learned his tactic, and Hannibal left his army |
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What happened in 202-189 B.C.? |
Hannibal moved east then north looking for refuge, and eventually killed himself, the Romans displayed his head, and the second Punic War ended. |
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Who were the Doves? |
Romans who wanted to move on from the war and enter peace |
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Who were the Hawks? |
Romans who thought they had to remove any chance for Hannibal's offspring to avoid a third Punic War |
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How did Cato the Elder finish every oration? |
Ceterum Censeo Carthaginium Esse Delendum - "And Carthage must be destroyed" |
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What happened in 149 B.C.? |
The third Punic War started when the Romans went into Tunis and told the Carthaginians that they were at war, the Carthaginians surrendered and were given two weeks to evacuate the city |
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What happened to Carthage after the two week warning was over? |
Everyone who stayed (about half the Carthaginians) was killed, the city was disassembled and sent back to Rome, the land was flattened with basically a huge sled, and tons of salt were used to cover the ground and make it infertile, this ended in 146 B.C. |
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What did Rome do in 146-100 B.C.? |
They ripped off everyone in trade because nobody could stand up to them |
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What effect of the destruction of Hannibal's army and Carthage have on Western Civilization? |
It made Western Civilization Caucasian |
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Psychology |
Study of individual human behavior |
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What is sociology and what does it need? |
It is the study of behavior of groups of people, it needs classification |
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What is the lowest common social denominator for sociology? |
The family, anything more specific than that is psychology |
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What does Pater Familias mean and what did the family exist for? |
It means,"The father is the family" and the family existed solely to benefit the father |
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What happened with women in Roman society? |
At a very young age they were given away as brides, their physical appearance was used to judge a wife, and they were domestically educated |
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How did having a son benefit a father? |
The son could get a career as a politician, a military leader, or a merchant to earn him money and make him easier to marry off. The son was married to whoever gave the father the biggest dowry |
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Why didn't fathers have loyalty from their children? |
Because obedience was only demanded for the father's interest |
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How was Rome predicated upon self absorption, and why was this bad? |
The fathers only cared about their needs and comforts, and any society predicated upon self absorption will fail |
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What is the fall of society based on? |
The family breakdown |
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What did wealth and affluence in Rome lead to? |
Some of the wealthier people to have leisure time |
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Leisure time |
Time in which you don't have to be economically profitable |
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What did Roman merchants begin? |
Usury, which is the lending of money for interest |
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Subsistence Economics |
Economics in which you and I spend every waking moment doing what we need to to survive, which doesn't leave room for leisure time |
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How was a male's career determined? |
At a young age the boys would have a tutor, if they excelled in one part of the teaching then their father would set up basically an internship in that department of work |
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What was a Men's Club? |
A Roman bath that people went to for cleanliness, business, and rest and relaxation |
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What did the season in Rome refer to? |
Formal gatherings |
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What was all the upper class expected to do in banquet season? |
They were expected to host a banquet with good staff for each person, a minimum of 14 courses, and a large banquet hall connected to an open air vomitoreum |
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Why did the people focus on very stylish food and elegant displays? |
To one-up each other and hold the best banquet |
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Who did people want to get to come to the banquets? |
People wanted powerful people and famous eaters at your banquet, because it meant your food was good |
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What did Arpocras do? |
He ate 27 Cornish hens after many entrees, then started eating his napkin, then choked on it and died |
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Where did the wealthy go during the summer? |
To country estates |
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What were the Romans' three forms of entertainment? |
Theater, games, and the circus |
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What were gladiators and where did they come from? |
Gladiators were professional athletes who were ranked and sponsored, the loser died and the winner lived. |
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Who was the most successful gladiator ever? |
Theogenes, he won 1,451 battles, mostly he used gloves filled with iron, he was very wealthy and had a cult of followers who worshiped him |
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Who were the most skilled athletes? |
Chariot racers, they couldn't use weapons, only their chariot to kill and beat others |
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What was the time period like when Julius Caesar was born? |
In 100 B.C., when he was born, Rome had great wealth and affluence. |
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What are mores and what aspect of Roman life showed someone's mores? |
They were a person's values, what someone did in their leisure time showed their mores. |
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What did Claudius do with the Flavian amphitheater (the Colosseum)? |
He sealed the walls and floor with clay, flooded it, and had a large naval battle that ended with 177 dead gladiators. |
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What's was Caesar's goal and what did he do with the Colosseum? |
He wanted to be a god, to make a big event he blindfolded slaves and made them race in chariots. |
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Who decided what was acceptable for Roman religion? |
The state |
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What was Roman religion adopted, assimilated, and predicated upon? |
Seasons (their calendar) |
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What and when were the two seasons? |
May 1 - October 31 was the season of light which was when people grew stuff and were able to fight. November 1 - April 30 was Samhain, or the season of dark, when ghosts and monsters came |
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Where did deification take place in Roman society? |
In the government, emperors were automatically assumed to be gods. |
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When was the first census? |
In 20 B.C. |
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Why was it a miracle that for the first time in a census, in 1 A.D., Octavius didn't make people sign that they acknowledged the emperor as a god? |
Joseph and Mary had to register in the census and if they had to deny that Octavius was a god, then they might have been killed. |
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About how many Roman gods were there? |
165 |
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What were some things that people used to see religious signs? |
Thunder, lightning, earth tremors, floods, phases of the moon, comets, birds of prey (hawk, eagle), birth defects, and any appearance of a wolf. |
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How was a prophet different than a soothsayer? |
A prophet was a biblical person who God revealed truths to, a soothsayer is a fortune teller |
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What is the story of Claudius's childhood? |
As a cripple, he was made fun of, one day an eagle dropped a wolf pup into his arms and it was interpreted that one day he would be king. |
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What did the Romans believe that the countryside was filled with during the night? |
Spirits, vampires, trolls, werewolves, a bunch of weird stuff |
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What was the night of the dead? |
When the Romans lit up the countryside to release their fear from the dark |
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What could the vestal virgins do and why could they do this? |
They could pardon any criminal because they were regarded with respect for being able to pledge themselves to purity, which was otherwise unheard of in Rome |
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What did Julnisse require to not harm people or their property in rage once every month? |
Rice porridge |
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What did the Romans use bonfires for? |
To ward off evil |
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What is the only similarity between Roman religion and Christianity? |
You have to stay away from the evil of this world |
