Western Civilization Ch 3

Front 1

Evidence suggests that the earliest Indian Society developed along what river?

Back 1

Indus River

Front 2

As agriculture developed in Neolithic India, what ere most likely the earliest food crops?

Back 2

Wheat and Barley

Front 3

One important characteristic of the Harappan civilization is that the people were

Back 3

literate, developing written language

Front 4

The Harappans were the first people known to manufacture

Back 4

cotton cloth

Front 5

According to the text, which of the following is a possible reason for the decline of the Harappan civilization?

Back 5

Diseases may have forced large portions of the population to leave the cities

Front 6

Originally the Rigveda was

Back 6

an oral collection of hymns, rituals, and philosophical ideas

Front 7

One thing that gave Aryans the advantage over others living in north India was

Back 7

advanced military technology that included two-wheeled chariots and bronze weapons

Front 8

According to evidence, what person or group in Aryan society followed the chief in importance?

Back 8

priest

Front 9

The introduction of iron into the Aryan society was particularly helpful to Aryans in

Back 9

clearing jungle as they advanced eastward toward the Ganges River

Front 10

Which of the following groups in the north Indian social structure consisted of merchants?

Back 10

Vaishya

Front 11

four hierarchical strata called

Back 11

Varna

Front 12

List the four varna

Back 12

Brahmin (priests)
Kshatriya (warriors and officials)
Vaishya (merchants)
Shudra (peasants and laborers)

Front 13

Ascetism is

Back 13

severe self discipline

Front 14

Karma is best defined as

Back 14

the tally of good and bad deeds that determine one's status after rebirth

Front 15

Which of the following statements best describes the spread of Jainism?

Back 15

Though it was never prominent as Hindu and Buddhism, Jainism did spread to Deccan and Tamil regions of south India

Front 16

Siddhartha Guatama advocated

Back 16

a middle ground between ascetism and worldly life

Front 17

Reform of Brahmanism into Hinduism began because

Back 17

Buddhism and Jainism had gained followers who saw new faiths as more inclusive

Front 18

The Bhagavad Gita offers guidance to Hindus on

Back 18

embracing dharma in the context of a worldly life

Front 19

Who is considered the greatest ruler of Mauryan Empire

Back 19

Ashoka

Front 20

Megasthenes, a Greek ambassador to Chandragrupta's court, portrayed him as

Back 20

a strong ruler who constantly worried about plots against him

Front 21

Indian law was codified in a text called

Back 21

code of manu

Front 22

one reason Sita is seen as a heroine to indian people is that she represents

Back 22

the perfect, devoted wife

Front 23

First indian civilization, also known as indus valley civilization

Back 23

Harappan

Front 24

dominant people in north India after the decline of the Indus valley civilization; spoke early form of sanskrit

Back 24

Aryans

Front 25

the earliest collection of Indian hymns, ritual texts, and philosophical treatises, central source of info on early Aryans

Back 25

Rigveda

Front 26

Priests of the Aryan; supported the growth of royal power in return for royal confirmation of their own religious rights, power, and status

Back 26

Brahmins

Front 27

The indian system of dividing society into hereditary groups whose members interacted primarily within the group, and especially marriage within the group

Back 27

caste system

Front 28

the transmigration of souls by a continual process of rebirth

Back 28

samsara

Front 29

the tally of good and bad deeds that determines the status of and individual's next life

Back 29

Karma

Front 30

The unchanging ultimate reality, according to the upanishads

Back 30

Brahman

Front 31

The Buddha's message that pain and suffering are inescapable parts of life; suffering and anxiety are caused by human desires and attachments; people can understand and triumph over these weaknesses; and triumph is made possible by following a simple code of conduct

Back 31

four noble truths

Front 32

code of conduct set by Buddha in his first sermon.. beginning with right conduct and ending with right contemplation

Back 32

eightfold path

Front 33

a state of blissful nothingness and freedom from reincarnation

Back 33

nirvana

Front 34

written teachings of the Buddha, first transcribed in the second or first century B.C.E

Back 34

Sutras

Front 35

the "great vehicle", a tradition of Buddhism that aspires to be more inclusive

Back 35

Mahayana

Front 36

Bhuddas-to-be who stayed in the world after enlightment to help others in the path of salvation

Back 36

bodhisattvas

Front 37

the sanskirt word for moral law, central both to Buddhist and Hindu teachings

Back 37

dharma

Front 38

the codification of early indian law that lays down family, caste, and commercial law

Back 38

code of manu

Front 39

One of the most important teachings of Buddhism is

Back 39

that pain and suffering are an inescapable part of human life

Front 40

Although we have been unable to decipher the writing of the Harappan people, one thing that informs us of their lives is

Back 40

evidence of well-planned cities and infrastructures

Front 41

what group of Sanskrit-speakers dominated north Indian social structure consisted largely of peasants?

Back 41

shudra

Front 42

Aryan Kings developed a codependent relationship with Brahmins to

Back 42

confirm the power of each other in their kingdoms

Front 43

Mahayana, or "Great Vehicle", is a Buddhist sect that

Back 43

encourages followers to be more inclusive

Front 44

The harappan civilization is also known by what other name

Back 44

the indus valley civilization

Front 45

avoidance of all forms of violence and materialism, sometimes to the extreme, is a primary goal of what indian faith?

Back 45

Jainism

Front 46

Dharma is

Back 46

the moral law, central to Hinduism and Buddhism

Front 47

After the brutal conquest of Kalinga, Ashoka

Back 47

embraced Buddhism and promoted its spread beyond India

Front 48

Following Alexander's invasion of northwest India

Back 48

a new indian empire, the Mauryan, soon developed

Front 49

which of the following describes India after the fall of the Mauryan Empire?

Back 49

trade and intellectual development continued

Front 50

Why did Jains and Buddhists reject the teachings of Gosala?

Back 50

Jain and Buddhist intellectuals felt the teachings of Gosala were too extreme

Front 51

in terms of their ideas on dealing with enemies. The Arthashastra differs from the law of manu because

Back 51

The Arthashastra suggests using trickery and the element of surprise

Front 52

Which of the following statements best represents Harappan involvement in trading?

Back 52

Evidence exists that suggests the Harappans traded with Mesopotamian Kingdoms

Front 53

One important difference between Buddhism and Brahmanism is that

Back 53

Buddhism rejects the caste system

Front 54

Which of the following was something the Indian people adopted from the Persians after the Persian conquest of the Indus Valley in 513 B.C.E?

Back 54

minting coins

Front 55

During the Kushan period, what Western culture had a great impact on Indian art?

Back 55

Greek

Front 56

A person was newly conquered by the Aryans or had violated accepted ritual was known as what?

Back 56

an outcaste

Front 57

The eightfold path is

Back 57

the Buddha's code of conduct, which can lead to liberation