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153 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Burning a fuel releases ___. |
Heat energy |
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A vent line on a fuel oil tank prevents ___ when filling the tank with fuel oil and also prevents a vacuum from developing when fuel oil is removed |
Pressure buildup |
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A high suction line on a fuel oil tank is used when ___. |
Signs of sludge and water are evident in a tank |
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The purpose of the fuel oil return line is to ___. |
Circulate fuel oil during warmup, return fuel oil that bypasses the burner, return fuel oil from the relief valve |
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In both steam and air atomizing burners, atomization is accomplished by ___. |
Live steam or air |
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The amount of gas going to the burner at startup in a high-pressure gas system is controlled by solenoid-controlled ___ valve |
Diaphragm |
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Pulverized coal burns ___. |
In suspension |
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An indication of a dirty fuel oil strainer would be ___ across the strainer |
Large pressure drop |
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Duplex strainers are found on ___ of the fuel oil pump |
Both the suction and discharge sides |
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Fuel oil heaters must always be used when burning No. ___ fuel oil |
6 |
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A safety relief valve is used to protect against excessive fuel oil ___ that could damage the shell of a fuel oil heater |
Pressure |
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A rotary cup burner atomizes fuel oil using ___. |
Both a spinning cup and a high-velocity air |
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In a pressure atomizing burner, atomization is accompanied by ___. |
Rotating, high-pressure oil coming out of the plug or sprayer plate |
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A gas pressure regulator is used to control the ___. |
Desired gas pressure to the burner |
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A solenoid valve is a direct-acting valve in a gas system used ___. |
As an automatic gas shutoff valve |
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To prevent caking and to dry the coal entering a pulverizer ___. |
Warm air is used |
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Blowers are used in a high-pressure gas system to ___. |
Supply air for combustion |
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The air-fuel ratio can be maintained by a(n) ___. |
Air damper, butterfly valve, modulating motor and linkage |
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The thickness of the fuel bed on a chain grate stoker is regulated by a coal ___. |
Gate |
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Boilers are equipped with a combination gas/fuel oil burner to allow ___. |
More flexible operation |
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Spreader stokers burn coal ___. |
In suspension and on grates |
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To achieve complete combustion an a spreader stoker, air is introduced ___. |
Under and over the fuel bed |
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The amount of NO decreases as the ___. |
Combustion temperature decreases |
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An aboveground storage tank (AST) is a tank and any underground piping connected to the tank that has less than ___% of its combined volume underground |
10 |
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___ is an emissions control method in which ammonia gas is introduced over a catalyst located in a module that is installed in the boiler exhaust stack |
Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) |
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The lowest temperature at which the vapor of fuel oil ignites when exposed to an open flame is it’s ___ point |
Flash |
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Rank refers to the ___ of a coal |
Hardness |
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Grade refers to the ___ of a coal |
Size, heating value, and ash content |
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Air supplied to the burner that is more than theoretical amount needed to burn a fuel is ___ air |
Excess |
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When the temperature of fuel oil increases, it’s viscosity ___. |
Decreases |
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The lowest temperature at which fuel oil will flow is it’s ___ point |
Pour |
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Fuel oil with a low flash point would be ___. |
Dangerous to use |
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A ___ fire extinguisher is the correct type of extinguisher to use on fuel oil fires |
Foam or dry chemical |
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Air used to atomize fuel oil is ___ air |
Primary |
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Air that controls how completely a fuel is burned is ___ air |
Secondary |
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___ combination is when all the fuel is burned using only the theoretical amount of air |
Perfect |
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___ combination is when all the fuel is burned using the minimum amount of excess air |
Complete |
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Gases of combustion that cool on contact with boiler heating surface before combustion is complete cause ___. |
The formation of soot and smoke |
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Air contains approximately ___% oxygen |
21 |
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No ___ fuel has the lowest specific gravity |
2 |
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Soot and smoke are the result of ___ combustion |
Incomplete |
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Carbon monoxide in the flue gas indicates ___. |
Incomplete combustion |
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The lowest temperature at which fuel oil will burn continuously when exposed to an open flame is it’s ___ point |
Fire |
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___ must be heated to reach the required temperature for combustion |
No. 6 fuel oil |
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Higher numbered fuel oils produce ___ lower numbered fuel oils |
More Btu/gal. than |
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The viscosity of a fuel is expressed in ___. |
Saybolt universal seconds (SSU) |
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An ultimate analysis of coal provides information regarding ___. |
Elements present in the coal |
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___ is biological material used as a renewable energy fuel |
Biomass |
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___ will support combustion but is not itself combustible |
Oxygen |
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The letter M in the acronym MATT stands for ___. |
Mixture of air and fuel |
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The primary function of a combustion control system is to regulate the ___ in a boiler |
Fuel supply, air supply, draft |
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ON/OFF control is used to start and stop a burner ___. |
Without modulating the flame to match steam load |
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A siphon is used to protect an operating pressure control from ___. |
Live steam |
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An operating pressure control must be connected to the ___. |
Highest part of the steam side of the boiler |
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The two settings found on the boiler operating pressure control are used to ___. |
Set the operating steam pressure range of the boiler |
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The combustion blower continues to run after fuel is shut off to the burner during ___. |
Postpurging |
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The programmer in ON/OFF control system is used to |
Control the burner firing cycle |
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To eliminate the danger of a furnace explosion during startup, the programmer must allow ___. |
A prepurge period |
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The purpose of the flame sensor in a flame scanner is to prove ___. |
Both the pilot and the main flame |
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A flame sensor is sensitive to ___. |
Infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light |
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In the event of a flame failure, the programmer ___. |
Shuts the burner down |
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A modulating control system is sensitive to changes in the ___. |
Steam pressure |
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A(n) ___ is a controller that distributes steam production requirements across several boilers to maintain the steam pressure at the set point. |
Plant master |
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A preignition check includes ___. |
Verifying that the fuel pressure proving switch is closed |
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After a programmer proves the main flame, it ___. |
Releases to automatic control |
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If steam is being used faster than is is being generated, the ___. |
Steam pressure decreases |
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A high-limit pressure control ___. |
Has a manual reset |
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The flow of fuel through valves and air through dampers is usually ___. |
Nonlinear |
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Single-point positioning uses the ___ as the controller input and has only one output. |
Steam pressure |
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A low firing rate needs___ than a high firing rate. |
More excess air |
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Parallel positioning uses steam pressure as the controller input and ___. |
Uses two output signals |
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A modulating control system adjusts the firing rate proportional to the ___. |
Steam load |
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Nonlinear flow means that the percent a valve or damper is open does not necessarily correspond to ___. |
Percent of flow |
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___ control increases safety by adding a linking system that prevents the airflow from going too low for the amount of fuel flow during load changes |
Cross-limited |
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___ is used to adjust the air-fuel ratio based on the results of a flue gas analysis |
Oxygen trim |
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Draft is measured in ___. |
Inches of water column |
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___ draft is created by a draft fan that pulls the gases of combustion through the furnace |
Induced |
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Pressure at the discharge side of a forced draft fan is ___ atmospheric pressure |
Greater than |
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___ compounds are classified as a pollutant because they react with water vapor to form sulfuric acid |
Sulfur |
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An air heater employs a counterflow principle in which the gases of combustion ___. |
And air move in the opposite directions |
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If the temperature of air entering the heater gets too low, it will cause ___. |
Condensation on the gas side of the air heater |
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Air heaters can be cleaned by ___ to ensure good heat transfer |
Using soot blowers |
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Air heaters can most successfully be used in plants that ___. |
Have a fairly constant steam load |
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Air heaters can most successfully be used in plants that ___. |
Have a fairly constant steam load |
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If air supplied for combustion mixes with the gases of combustion, it could lead to |
A loss of air for combustion and incomplete combustion |
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Mechanical draft is produced by ___. |
Power-driven fans |
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Mechanical draft can be classified as ___. |
Forced or induced |
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The ___ is a law that was passed to allow for monitoring and controlling environmental air pollution |
Clean Air Act |
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The gases of combustion leaving a boiler that has natural draft are controlled by ___. |
Dampers |
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The induced draft fan is located ___. |
Between the burner and the chimney |
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Mechanical draft is used when burning ___. |
Fuel oil, coal, gas |
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Larger steam boilers that are equipped with air heaters and/or economizers typically use ___ to overcome the associated flow resistance |
Balanced draft |
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When using forced draft, the amount of draft is controlled by ___. |
Inlet and outlet dampers, variable-speed fans |
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A ___ draft system is used to overcome air and gas-flow resistance |
Balanced |
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The oldest form of draft used in a boiler is ___ draft |
Natural |
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Solid particles created in the combustion process are called ___. |
Flyash |
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A ___ can be used as part of a damper control system to adjust the speed of a fan |
Variable speed drive |
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A ___ can be used as part of a damper control system to adjust the speed of a fan |
Variable speed drive |
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___ is the method of choice for removing sulfur oxides from emissions from coal-fired plants |
Scrubbing |
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The amount of draft produced in a natural draft system depends on the ___. |
Height of the chimney |
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Boilers can be equipped with ___ to reduce the heat loss from the gases of combustion going to the chimney |
Economizers and air heaters |
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___ is produced from incomplete combustion due to poor burner design or firing conditions |
Carbon monoxide |
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Pressure gauges can be calibrated in pounds per ___ |
Square inch |
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When one end of thermocouple is heated, a small ___ is produced |
Voltage |
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A steam pressure gauge should have a range of ___. |
1 to 1,5 times the safety valve setting |
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A bubbler may also be called a(n) ___. |
Pneumercator |
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A steam pressure gauge must be protected from live steam by ___. |
Siphon |
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Opacity smoke indicator alarms can be used to ___ in the gases of combustion |
Indicate an unexpected amount of particulate matter |
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Vacuum gauges are calibrated in inches of ___ atmospheric pressure |
Mercury below |
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A control valve is an example of a ___. |
Final element |
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Thermocouples measure ___. |
Temperature |
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A temperature reading of ___ can be made with a thermocouple |
Superheated steam, gases of combustion, condensate return |
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Liquid level in a tank may be measured with a ___. |
Bubbler |
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Liquid level in a tank may be measured with a ___. |
Bubbler |
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Flow meters measure the rate flow of ___. |
A variety of fluids |
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A differential-pressured flow meter functions by measuring the difference in pressure across a ___. |
Restriction |
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A rotameter consists of a ___. |
Tapered tube and a float |
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A variable-area flow meter maintains a constant ___ and allows the flow area to change with the flow rate |
Differential pressure |
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A(n) ___ measures a process variable |
Primary element |
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Thermometers used in a steam plant typically measure ___ |
Degrees Fahrenheit |
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A ___ is used to measure the difference in draft pressure between the atmosphere and the furnace, breaching, or stack |
Draft gauge |
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A ___ consists of dissimilar metals that are joined together to form a circuit that generates a voltage proportional to the difference in temperature between the hot and cold ends of the wires |
Thermocouple |
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Absolute pressure is equal to ___. |
Gauge pressure plus atmospheric pressure |
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A float is a level measuring instrument with a ___ attached to it that floats on top of a liquid in a tank |
Hollow ball |
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An ultrasonic sensor measures ___ to determine level |
Transit time |
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A boiler steam pressure gauge should be connected to the ___ side of the boiler |
Highest part of the steam |
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A(n) ___ is a flow restriction device consisting of a fabricated pipe section with a converging inlet section, a straight throat, and a diverging outlet section |
Venturi tube |
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A ___ pressure regulator is a regulator that uses upstream fluid as a pressure source to power the diaphragm of a larger valve |
Pilot-operated |
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When taking over a shift, the boiler operator must first check the ___. |
Water level on all boilers |
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The low-water fuel cutoff can be tested by blowing down the low-water fuel cutoff or by ___ |
Securing the feedwater and allowing the water level in the boiler to drop |
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In order to prevent uneven expansion of the boiler on cold startup, the boiler must be ___. |
Warmed up slowly |
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During startup, the boiler vent should remain open until a pressure of approximately ___ is reached |
15psi |
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A safety valve can be manually tested when the ___. |
Pressure is at least 75% of MAWP |
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Boilers equipped with a superheater must be protected during warm-up by ___. |
Keeping the superheater drain valve open until the boiler is cut on-line |
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Superheaters are prevented from overheating by the circulation of ___ |
Steam |
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To ensure high heat transfer rates, ___ should be removed from boiler heating surfaces |
Soot |
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During boiler shutdown, the ___ should be opened when the steam pressure in the boiler has dropped to 10-15psi |
Boiler vent |
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As the boiler is cooling down, the boiler operator must maintain ___. |
The NOWL |
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After a boiler has had major repair work done that could affect the boiler internals or has developed a low-water condition, it should be subjected to ___. |
A hydrostatic test |
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___ is used to verify the flame in a burner |
Flame scanner |
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Boilers that are our of service for an extended period of time can be laid up with ___. |
Dry lay-up |
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Plant emergency procedures should be established by the ___. |
Chief engineer |
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A low water fuel cut-off |
Shuts off the fuel supply |
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A boiler that has experienced a low water condition should be ___. |
Thoroughly examined for signs of overheating |
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A high water condition in the boiler can be corrected by ___ |
Performing a bottom blowdown |
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When performing a hydrostatic test, the pressure on the boiler should be increased to ___. |
1,5 times the safety valve setting |
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If there is a danger of boiler freezing, the boiler should be laid up ___ |
Completely dry |
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A furnace explosion can be causes by ___. |
An accumulation of combustible gases |
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The ASME Code recommends that boilers be inspected internally and externally every ___. |
Year |
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Maintenance work performed inside a boiler requires a(n) ___, which contains procedures based on safety considerations for workers |
Confined space permit |
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New or retubed boilers should be cleaned with ___. |
Alkaline detergent |
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The three ingredients needed to start a fire are fuel, heat, and ___. |
Oxygen |
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A fire caused by oil, gas, grease, or paint would be classified as a Class ___ fire |
B |
