Chitin

The claws and pad allow the honey bee to cling onto both smooth and rough surfaces. One of the most crucial functions of the honey bee is its wings. A honeybee has two wings on each side of its body; their wings are made of a thick material called chitin. The honey bees’ wings have two sections called the forewing and the hind wing. These wings are connected by tiny hooks called hamuli. The main purpose of the forewing is flight but it can also be used as a cooling mechanism. The hind wing…

Microorganisms are living organisms which can be seen only with the aid of microscope. They are widespread in nature and are beneficial to life, but some can cause serious harm. There are six major types of micro-organisms these are bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, algae, and viruses. This essay aims to analyse micro-organisms and disease. First the key features of the main categories of micro-organisms and the roles of commensals, and pathogens will be explained respectively. Then mode of…

Mucor hiemalis showed high resistance to (Zn, Al) (Table, 37 & Fig. 46). The most interesting, high concentrations of zinc stimulated the growth better than low concentrations (Table 37), Aluminum could stimulate the growth of the fungus slightly in concentrations 100 ppm and 300 ppm respectively. Lower and higher concentrations slightly inhibited the growth but aluminum couldn’t stop the growth of the fungus (Table 37, Fig. 46). While (Mn , Cu and Pb) succeeded to stimulate the growth of Mucor…

Improper diet has been identified as a main culprit why the child has a relatively weak immune system, bad mood, insufficient sleep and loss of concentration. Similarly, adults are facing the similar dilemma when they’re not living in a balanced and healthy diet. Additionally, the combination of high salt, high sugar, and high fat, generally, has brought negative impacts by damaging their brains and organs in an extreme extent, until one day they find hard to recognize or distinguish what is bad…

There are certain animals, plants, fungi, bacteria, and viruses that tolerate and actually thrive in extreme conditions. These organisms are called extremophiles. The word extremophile breaks up into “extreme” and the suffix “phile” literally means “one who loves.” These organisms flourish in the uninhabitable places that vary from extremely high and low temperatures, high pressures, high salinity, the absence of water, and extreme amounts of radiation just to name a few. Many of these…

prohibited, other than the fair use of any part of this book as quotation or reference, without a written permission of the publisher. The Library of Congress has cataloged “Bare Soul” as follows Author and Copyright Claimant - Kalpana Singh-Chitins Registration Number - TX 7-674-707. Registration Date February 5th 2013 Dedicated to the Great Masters! ACKNOWLEDGMENT I'm grateful to Jennifer…