U.s. History Unit 3

Front 1

Oliver Otis Howard led the _________________, which helped former slaves by finding them jobs that paid fair wages.

Back 1

Freedmen's Bureau

Front 2

A new work system called ___________ developed in the South during Reconstruction.

Back 2

sharecropping

Front 3

Many Southern states passed ________________ as a way to achieve ____________, or a separation of the races.

Back 3

Jim Crow laws; segregation

Front 4

What new freedoms did emancipated African Americans gain under Reconstruction?

Back 4

They could leave plantations to make new lives for themselves, sharecrop, form their own churches, and legally marry.

Front 5

What were the accomplishments of the Freedmen's Bureau?

Back 5

Colleges and schools were set up/established, courts were set up to ensure justice for African Americans, and African Americans were able to get jobs with fair wages.

Front 6

What did the 15th Amendment accomplish?

Back 6

It made a strong statement of the federal government's position to support African American equality.

Front 7

What was the purpose of the Jim Crow laws?

Back 7

To enforce the separation of African Americans and whites in most public places.

Front 8

What was the Compromise of 1877?

Back 8

An agreement in which Rutherford Hayes would become president and federal troops in the South would be removed.

Front 9

TRUE/FALSE: Jim Crow laws were designed to achieve segregation by separating African Americans from white people in most public places.

Back 9

true

Front 10

TRUE/FALSE: Many Whit Southerners reacted to the changes brought about during Reconstruction by accepting the new laws.

Back 10

false; Many White Southerners fought against Reconstruction.

Front 11

TRUE/FALSE: Howard University helped find jobs and set up courts to ensure justice for emancipated African Americans.

Back 11

true

Front 12

TRUE/FALSE: The Compromise of 1877 named Rutherford Hayes as president and removed remaining federal troops from Southern states.

Back 12

true

Front 13

TRUE/FALSE: The 15th Amendment to the Constitution protected the right of African Americans to find long-lost family members.

Back 13

false; It protected the voting rights of African American men.

Front 14

TRUE/FALSE: Members of the Klu Klux Klan wanted to frighten African Americans and prevent them from voting.

Back 14

true

Front 15

Oliver Otis Howard

Back 15

leader of the Freedmen's Bureau

Front 16

Howard University

Back 16

one of the first African American colleges, established in Washington D.C.

Front 17

Klu Klux Klan

Back 17

a group dedicated to violently targeting African Americans by any means possible

Front 18

Rutherford Hayes

Back 18

won the presidency in 1876 because of the Compromise of 1877

Front 19

Jim Crow

Back 19

African American character in a popular song who was a foolish old dancer who never made any trouble

Front 20

The _____________ railroad connected California to the East.

Back 20

transcontinental

Front 21

Cattle grazed on the huge public grasslands in the West known as the ________.

Back 21

range

Front 22

Most ___________ were young men who adopted much of their clothing and skills from the vacqueros.

Back 22

cowhands

Front 23

How did the railroads change the American West?

Back 23

It opened the region to new settlement, increased conflicts between Native Americans and settlers, and brought new ethnic groups to the American West.

Front 24

What two companies built the first transcontinental railroad?

Back 24

The Union Pacific Railroad and the Central Pacific Railroad Company

Front 25

What was the purpose of the long cattle drives?

Back 25

To increase the value of wild cattle.

Front 26

Why do you think the cowhands had to stand guard at night?

Back 26

They need to prevent animals from being attacked and/or stolen.

Front 27

The Homestead Act of 1862 allowed people called _________ to build homes on land given to them.

Back 27

homesteaders

Front 28

African Americans who migrated to Kansas were known as ___________ because they compared their journey west to the biblical Exodus of the Hebrews from Egypt.

Back 28

Exodusters

Front 29

_____________ allowed farmers to save money by buying supplies in large quantities and selling products as a large group.

Back 29

cooperatives

Front 30

A political party's __________ is its statement of belief.

Back 30

platform

Front 31

How did the Homestead Act of 1862 encourage settlement of the Great Plains?

Back 31

It granted 160 acres of land (for a small registration fee) to anyone who agreed to live on it.

Front 32

How did the Grange improve farmer's lives?

Back 32

The Grange gave farmers social lives and formed cooperatives.

Front 33

What were problems faced by farmers?

Back 33

Very little rain, lack of tree (for wood), and grasshoppers devouring crops.

Front 34

Why did the farmers feel like they needed their own political parties?

Back 34

They felt that the Democratic and Republic party didn't support their interests.

Front 35

What reforms did the Populist Party call for?

Back 35

government ownership of the railroads, an income tax that's higher for the rich than for the poor, a loan program to help farmers pay off debts, political reforms, and shorter workdays for laborers.

Front 36

Promontory Point

Back 36

where the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads met

Front 37

Black Hills

Back 37

Dakota location held the last gold rush in the U.S. in 1874

Front 38

Comstock Lode

Back 38

mine in Nevada which yielded more than $300 million worth of gold and silver

Front 39

Laura Ingalls Wilder

Back 39

published Little House on the Prairie

Front 40

Oliver H. Kelley

Back 40

founded the social organization known as the Grange

Front 41

General James B. Weaver

Back 41

the Populist Party nominee for the 1892 election

Front 42

Grover Cleveland

Back 42

Democratic presidential nominee who won the election of 1892

Front 43

William McKinley

Back 43

won the presidential election of 1896

Front 44

American settlers hunted the buffalo nearly to ____________.

Back 44

extinction

Front 45

Native Americans were forced to live on ____________, which they were promised would be their land forever.

Back 45

reservations

Front 46

Native Americans were forced to _________ with the American culture because of the Dawes Act.

Back 46

assimilate

Front 47

Why did most Native Americans move to reservations?

Back 47

Their way of life was being destroyed and the government promised that they'd get to own the reservations and that settlers wouldn't be allowed on them.

Front 48

Why did some Native Americans fight against settlers and soldiers?

Back 48

They were being forced to move to reservations.

Front 49

What happened at Sand Creek?

Back 49

General John Chivington launched an attack on camp in Sand Creek (where Native Americans were), and between 150-500 people were killed.

Front 50

How was the Battle of Little Bighorn different from the fighting at Wounded Knee?

Back 50

The fighting at Wounded Knee resulted with more than 200 deaths of Native Americans, while no Native Americans at Little Bighorn were killed.

Front 51

How did the Battle of Little Bighorn relate to Sitting Bull's vision?

Back 51

In his vision, Native Americans defeated the soldiers that attempted to attack them at Little Bighorn.

Front 52

The U.S. government passed the ___________ in 1887 to break up the reservations.

Back 52

Dawes Act

Front 53

An attack by the Colorado militia on Native Americans gathered at Sand Creek marked the beginning of the __________________.

Back 53

Native American Wars

Front 54

The government promised to give food, clothing, and supplies to Native Americans so they'd move to ____________.

Back 54

reservations

Front 55

Native American warriors led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse defeated Lieutenant Colonel George Custer in the ________________.

Back 55

Battle of Little Bighorn

Front 56

The wars between Native Americans and settlers on the southern Great Plains ended with the surrender of the Apache leader ___________.

Back 56

Geronimo

Front 57

Native American resistance in the West ended after government troops killed Sitting Bull and 200 people at _______________.

Back 57

Wounded Knee

Front 58

How did changes in transportation help industry expand?

Back 58

It helped train travel become comfortable and safe and got goods to markets more efficiently.

Front 59

What inventions sped up communications in the second half of the 1800s?

Back 59

The telegraph, telephone, and typewriter.

Front 60

What new jobs opened for women during early 1900s?

Back 60

Switchboard operators and typing jobs.

Front 61

A ___________ is a business that's usually made up of many investors.

Back 61

corporation

Front 62

Many different companies sell _________ as a way to raise money.

Back 62

stock

Front 63

John D. Rockefeller held a _______ over the oil industry.

Back 63

monopoly

Front 64

Samuel Gompers hoped to achieve gains for workers through _________________.

Back 64

collective bargaining

Front 65

How did the growth of industry result in a greater separation between wealthy people and poor people?

Back 65

Wealthy people were business owners and poor people were workers.

Front 66

How did John D. Rockefeller gain control of the oil industry?

Back 66

By building an oil refinery and buying other companies.

Front 67

What goals did labor unions have?

Back 67

Higher pay, shorter workdays, and a safer workplace.

Front 68

Helen Hunt Jackson

Back 68

spoke out against the unfair treatment of Indians; wrote a book that documented the broken promises made to Native Americans

Front 69

Why were accidents in factories common in the late 1800s?

Back 69

People worked at a fast pace with dangerous machines.

Front 70

Why were most labor strikes in the late 1800s unsuccessful?

Back 70

Corporations had the U.S. government on their side.

Front 71

What role did the federal government play in the railway strikes?

Back 71

They sent in troops to stop the riots.

Front 72

Henry Bessemer

Back 72

invented a new, quicker, process for making steel

Front 73

Thomas Edison

Back 73

known for many inventions, the most famous being the electric lightbulb

Front 74

Henry

Back 74

inventor of the sewing machine

Front 75

Henry

Back 75

developed a way to bottle tomato sauce and call it ketchup

Front 76

Henry Ford

Back 76

inventor of the Model T and first to mass produce cars

Front 77

Kitty Hawk

Back 77

site of the first successful airplane flight

Front 78

Alexander Graham Bell

Back 78

credited with creating the first operating telephone

Front 79

Colonel John Chivington

Back 79

colonel of the Colorado militia that massacred many Indians at Sand Creek

Front 80

J.P. Morgan

Back 80

investment banker who made his money by financing corporations

Front 81

John D. Rockefeller

Back 81

at one time, controlled almost all of the oil industries in the U.S.

Front 82

Andrew Carnegie

Back 82

became rich by monopolizing the steel industry

Front 83

Knights of Labor

Back 83

one of the largest unions during the latter part of the 1800s

Front 84

Samuel Gompers

Back 84

leader of the American Federation of Labor

Front 85

Eugene Debs

Back 85

founder of the American Railroad Union

Front 86

share cropping

Back 86

system in which farmers work on another's land and use part of their crops as rent

Front 87

platform

Back 87

statement of a political party's policies and beliefs

Front 88

stocks

Back 88

share of ownership in a company

Front 89

range

Back 89

vast public grasslands in the West where cattle graze freely

Front 90

Chief Joseph

Back 90

leader of the Nez Percé Indians; uttered the famous speech "I will fight no more forever"

Front 91

reservation

Back 91

public land set aside for special use (as for Native Americans)

Front 92

Bessemer Process

Back 92

process for making steel quickly and cheaper

Front 93

George Armstrong Custer

Back 93

led 200 American soldiers to their deaths in the Battle of Little Bighorn

Front 94

Wounded Knee Creek

Back 94

site of an Indian massacre that ended the Native American resistance in the West

Front 95

William Kelly developed a process for making steel more quickly called the ___________________.

Back 95

Bessemer process

Front 96

__________ were, and still are, issued for inventions.

Back 96

Patents

Front 97

What are some inventions that contributed to Industrial growth in the 1800s?

Back 97

The electric light bulb, power plant, and the sewing machine.

Front 98

What was the effect of the Bessemer process?

Back 98

It helped industries expand, make taller buildings, longer bridges, and miles of railroad tracks.