Physiology Lab Exam 2

Front 1

white outer fibrous layer of the eye

Back 1

sclera

Front 2

middle vascular layer of the eye

Back 2

choroid

Front 3

the two humours of the eye and their location

Back 3

aqueous: surrounding the lens in the anterior cavity

vitreous: in the posterior cavity

Front 4

what is the inner nervous layer of the eye

Back 4

retina

Front 5

what is the fovea centralis?

Back 5

area of the retina that has only cone cells

Front 6

what is the optic disk?

Back 6

area where nerves become the optic nerve -- produce a blind spot

Front 7

what is myopia?

Back 7

nearsightedness -- eyeball is too long for proper focusing

Front 8

what is hyperopia?

Back 8

far-sightedness produced by a shorter eyeball

Front 9

what is presbyopia?

Back 9

farsightedness due to age

Front 10

what is astigmatism?

Back 10

defect in the curvature of the cornea or lens -- some portions of an image are blurred

Front 11

what are the other eye disorders?

Back 11

- cataract: cloudyness of the lens

- floaters: small moving specks in the field of vision appear due to clumps of gel or deposits of crystal-like substances in vitreous humour

- glaucoma: the rate of aqueous humour production exceeds the rate at which it drains

- colour blindness: particular type of cone is deficient in number or lacking

Front 12

what are the types of colour blindness

Back 12

- protanopic: defective perception of red -- confuses red with green

- deuteranopic: insensitivigty to green -- can't see red or distinguish green and purplish-red

- tritanopic: confusion between blue with green and yellow with violet

Front 13

how is hearing recepted in the cochlea?

Back 13

highest frequency waves recepted at base of cochlea and lowest frequency at tip

Front 14

what are the types of hearing loss?

Back 14

- conductive deafness: interference with vibrations to the inner ear -- may be due to accumulated wax or objects

- sensorineural deafness: damage to the cochlea or auditory nerve

- presbycusis: loss of ability to hear high frequency waves

Front 15

what are the vestibular disorders?

Back 15

- motion sickness: when both rotational and linear inputs from vestibular system unpredictable

- vertigo: unexpected illusion of movement or of one's surroundings

- meniere's disease: dizziness due to unbalanced input from both ears

Front 16

what are the types of touch receptors?

Back 16

- sensory nerve fibres

- meissner's corpuscles: sense motion of objects barely in contact with skin

- pacinian corpuscles: deeper in skin and sense pressure

Front 17

what is sensitivity and acuity?

Back 17

sensitivity: ability to dinstinguish differences in pressure

acuity: ability to distinguish between to points of equal pressure

Front 18

what is a motor unit?

Back 18

one motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates

Front 19

what are the types of muscle contraction

Back 19

isotonic: muscle shortens during contraction

isometric: muscle contracts but does not shorten

Front 20

What is the term for far-sightedness with age

Back 20

presbyopia

Front 21

what is far sightedness with shorter eyeball

Back 21

hyperopia

Front 22

what is near-sightedness due to longer eyeball

Back 22

myopia