Ole Miss Bisc 162 Final

Front 1

What does the difference in temperature between arteries and veins in the goose's legs indicate

Back 1

Minimizing the temperature difference between the feet and the abdomen means the goose will loose less heat

Front 2

Tissues are composed of cells, and tissues functioning together make up

Back 2

Organs

Front 3

Blood is best classified as a connective tissue because

Back 3

its cells can be separated from each other by an extracellular matrix

Front 4

An ectotherm is more likely to survive an extended period of food deprivation than would an equally sized endotherm because

Back 4

the ectotherm invests little energy in temperature regulation

Front 5

Non-shivering thermogenesis is associated with

Back 5

"all of these"

brown fat, no ATP production, hibernating species, and newborns/cold adapted small animals

Front 6

Dr. Wigglesworth did not see molting in decapitated bloodsucking bugs if they were beheaded 1 hour after a blood meal. Why didn't those bugs molt

Back 6

"none of the above"

Front 7

Substance X is secreted by one cell, travels a short distance through interstitial fluid, and produces an effect in a cell immediately adjacent to the original secreting cell. What is substance X

Back 7

Paracrine

Front 8

A cell that contains proteins enabling a hormone to selectively bind to its cell membranes outer surface is a...

Back 8

target cell

Front 9

The hormone mentioned in the previous question must be

Back 9

hydrophilic

Front 10

the hypothalamus control the anterior pituitary by menas of

Back 10

releasing hormones

Front 11

which of the following shows both endocrine and exocrine functions

Back 11

pancreas

Front 12

blood samples taken from someone who has ben fasting (= not eating) for 24 hours would have

Back 12

"both b and c"

low levels of insulin AND high levels of glucagon

Front 13

which of the following hormones is secreted by the adrenal cortex in response to stress and promotes the synthesis of glucose from non carbohydrate substrates

Back 13

cortisol

Front 14

which of the following is the most likely explanation for a goiter in a patient whose iodine level is normal

Back 14

autoimmune stimulation of TSH receptors

Front 15

Type II diabetes develops due to

Back 15

down regulation of insulin receptors

Front 16

most of the neurons in the human brain are

Back 16

interneurons

Front 17

for a neuron with an initial membrane potential at - 70mv, an increase in the movement of potassium ions out of the neuron's cytoplasm would result in

Back 17

hyper polarization of the neuron

Front 18

action potentials move along axons

Back 18

more rapidly in myelinated than in non myelinated

Front 19

saltatory conduction is a term applied to

Back 19

"none of the above"

Front 20

the steps of signal transmission at a chemical synapse

Back 20

iii-ii-v-i-iv

iii. an action potential depolarizes the membrane of an axon terminal

ii. calcium ions rush into the neuron's cytoplasm

v. the synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitters into synaptic cleft

i. neurotransmitter binds with receptors on postsynaptic membrane

iv. the chemically-gated ion channels open

Front 21

the membranes permeability to Na ions is at its max at label..

Back 21

B

Front 22

the min graded depolarization needed to operate the voltage-gated Na channels is indicated by the label...

Back 22

A

Front 23

neurotransmitters categorized as inhibitory are expected to

Back 23

hyper polarize the membrane

Front 24

the blood flows directly from a respiratory organ to body tissue in

Back 24

fishes

Front 25

damage to the sinoatrial node in humans

Back 25

would disrupt the rate and timing of cardiac muscle contractions

Front 26

average blood pressure is lowest in

Back 26

capillaries

OR (also accepted)

Veins

Front 27

which of the following is correct for a blood pressure reading of 130/80 measured with a sphygmomanometer

Back 27

??

Front 28

which of the following would likely cause vasoconstriction of arterioles leading to the peripheral capillary beds

Back 28

"both b and d"

acute stress and temperatures below the thermal neutral zone

Front 29

air rushes in the lungs of humans during inhalation because

Back 29

the rib muscles and diaphragm contract

Front 30

which blood vessel has these characteristics: Outer layer of connective tissue, a thick layer of smooth muscle with elastic fibers, no valves

Back 30

artery

Front 31

which of these chemicals associated with blood clotting are listed in the proper sequence of occurrence

Back 31

prothrombin/fibrinogen, clotting factors, thrombin, fibrin

Front 32

blood flowing into the heart from the pulmonary veins

Back 32

enters left side, is oxygenated, will pass through the artioventricular valve next

Front 33

countercurrent exchange in the fish gill helps to maximize which of the following

Back 33

diffusion

Front 34

why is the respiratory system of a bird more efficient than the human respiratory system

Back 34

the bird respiratory system does not mix "used" air with fresh air

Front 35

breathing is usually regulated by

Back 35

CO2 and O2 concentration and pH level sensors

Front 36

in an animal species known for endurance running rather than fast sprinting, which of the following would you expect

Back 36

high storage of oxygen in myoglobin of its muscles

Front 37

the majority of waste C produced by cellular respiration is transported in the circulatory system

Back 37

as bicarbonate ions

Front 38

sensors are an important part of any feedback system used to maintain homeostasis. The control of breathing rate depends primarily on sensors located on the brainstem where they monitor the ____ levels of the ____

Back 38

CO2, cerebrospinal fluid

Front 39

insects exchange gases with respired air

Back 39

in trachea

Front 40

In humans venous blood has 20mm Hg partial pressure of O2 after exercise. If the duck and goose experience similar oxygen use during exercise, how will the total amount of oxygen released to the tissues by hemoglobin in the duck compare to that in the bar-headed goose

Back 40

equal amounts

Front 41

the Q10 value tells us

Back 41

the change in the rate of enzymatic action as temperature changes

Front 42

which of the following is not true about both the lungfish and amphibian circulatory and respiratory systems

Back 42

"none of the above"

Front 43

for good cardiovascular health, total cholesterol levels in human blood should be ____ mg/dl, but ____ values could be twice as high as ______ values

Back 43

below 200, LDL, HDL

OR (also accepted)

below 200, HDL, LDL

Front 44

Localized auto regulation of blood pressure in response to metabolic waste accumulation is an example of

Back 44

positive feedback

Front 45

which of the following statements is correct

Back 45

domestic duck Hb has less oxygen affinity that the Hb of the other bird species shown

Front 46

Unlike the graph in your book, these birds never achieve complete saturation of their hemoglobin under theses experimental conditions. Which of the following is a reasonable explanation for this

VOIDED

Back 46

they were tested in a low O2 atmosphere

Front 47

if we assume that the Y-axis reflects the number of O2 molecules that are bonded to a single hemoglobin molecule, approximately how many more molecules of oxygen are bonded to the bar headed goose hemoglobin at 30 mmHg compared to the duck

Back 47

1

Front 48

in lecture you learned that llamas have a hemoglobin affinity for oxygen similar to that of the bar-headed goose because they face similar selective pressure sin their native habitats. What other species did you learn about in lectures whose foraging behavior would help explain why the emperor penguin has the hemoglobin saturation curve shown above, rather than one more similar to the duck

Back 48

beaked whale

Front 49

The majority of oxygen on earth is produced by

Back 49

cyanobacteria

Front 50

which of the following is a true statement about "protists"

Back 50

The group contains monophyletic groups

Front 51

An example of _____ tissue is ____

Back 51

dermal; guard cells

Front 52

****Which cell membrane proteins are used for generating root pressure

Back 52

Cl- ion symporters

Front 53

the function of the flower is to ____ and the function of the fruit is to ___

Back 53

attract pollinators; enhance seed dispersal

Front 54

Naegleria fowleri, the zombie protist, is a eukaryote that infects brain tissue. It has mitochondria that may have been acquired by secondary endosymbiosis. It must belong to...

VOIDED

Back 54

Excavates

Front 55

Of the forces that drive water up a plant, which of them is the strongest

Back 55

Evapotranspiration

Front 56

which of the following is true about the amount of biodiversity on earth

Back 56

numbers of species are influences by physical changes in earth

Front 57

a shared derived character is called a ____, and an example of _____ is convergent evolution

Back 57

synapomorphy; homoplasy

Front 58

for angiosperms, an advantage to spending the majority of their life cycle as a diploid sporophyte is that

Back 58

most of their life they have 2 copies of their genes

Front 59

One of the defining features of Domain Archaea is

VOIDED

Back 59

the presence of a phospholipid monolayer

Front 60

the features of eukaryotes that allowed them to diversify include

Back 60

"A, B, and C only"

Multicellularity, acquisition of membrane bound organelles and evolution of sexual reproduction

Front 61

to grow in length, plants use

Back 61

apical meristem

Front 62

****The megaspore mother cell is part of the multicellular ____ phase of the angiosperm life cycles and it produces ____ by meiosis

Back 62

diploid; spores

Front 63

*****If you were building a phylogeny with really old fossils and species that are currently still living, the type of date that you would be able to use for both is

Back 63

morphological data

Front 64

if a caterpillar were to bite into the leaf of a plant, the saliva of the caterpillar will do which of the following

Back 64

simulate a signal tranduction pathway

Front 65

Cecillia has been looking at a sample of pond water and sees a eukaryote with two flagella, one of which is hairy. which of the following clades does this eukaryote belong to

Back 65

stramenopiles

Front 66

in a prokaryotic biofilm it is unlikely to find

Back 66

a single solitary individual bacterium

Front 67

biodiversity can be described using

Back 67

"any of these"

genetic variation, species richness, community composition, or variation in ecosystems

Front 68

Stomata first arose in which of the land plants

Back 68

mosses

Front 69

when conjugation occurs in protists, it serves what function

Back 69

to generate genetic variation

Front 70

in phloem loading, water will move into sieve tube elements via ____, but only after sucrose is ___ transported into the sieve tube element

Back 70

osmosis; activley

Front 71

Pollination occurs when ____ and fertilization occurs when ____

Back 71

pollen touches the stigma; sperms fuses with an egg

Front 72

***Flowereing plants originated in the ____ Era and diversified in the ____ era

Back 72

Mesozoic; cenozoic

Front 73

which of the following shows the correct order of the eras from most recent to oldest

Back 73

Cenozoic, Mesozoic, Paleozoic, Precambrian

Front 74

In order for a flowering plant to undergo double fertilization

Back 74

one sperm cell fertilizes the egg and another fertilizes the polar nuclei

Front 75

which of the following lifestyles is not observed in Domain Bacteria

Back 75

"all of these occur"

Chemoautotrophy, Photoautotrophy, chemoheterotrophy, and photoautotrophy

Front 76

*** which of the following is an example of a mechanical defense plants use against herbivores

Back 76

trichomes

Front 77

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5

1 A T G G A

2 A T G A A

3 A C G A G

4 A C C A G

Which traits are informative

Back 77

2, 3, 5

Front 78

in the evolution of eukaryotes, endosymbiosis occurred

Back 78

once for mitochondria and at least twice for chloroplasts

Front 79

In order to regulate transpiration, plants open and close their stomata. In what order do the following processes occur to close the stomata

Back 79

iv-iii-ii-vi

iv. a proton pump pumps inside the guard cell

iii. K+ ions move down the electrochemical gradient through an ion channel

ii. H+ and Cl- ions move out of the guard cell through a symport

vi. water moves out of the guard cell

Front 80

The reason we cannot add viruses to a phylogeny of all living things is that viruses

Back 80

lack cells and do not maintain their own internal environment

Front 81

one of the differences between angiosperms and gymnosperms is that angiosperms have ____, but gymnosperms do not

Back 81

"C and D"

Flowers and Fruit

Front 82

which of the following statements is not true of gymnosperms

Back 82

they are the sister group to non vascular plants

Front 83

one of the reasons that atmospheric composition of oxygen has increase is

Back 83

the evolution of photosynthetic living things

Front 84

which of the following is not an application for which phylogenies can be used

Back 84

pinpointing when species went extinct

Front 85

gram-positive bacteria will always have

Back 85

a thick peptidoglycan cell wall

Front 86

****Which of the following is NOT an ecological role of protists

Back 86

fixation of nitrogen

Front 87

which of the following is NOT a way that land plants cope with the problem of water loss

Back 87

lignin is xylem cells

Front 88

an example of a double stranded DNA virus is

Back 88

chicken pox

Front 89

when seeds are exposed to water and begin germination, Gibberellins activate enzymes to break down the seed endosperm. In this example, Gibberellins are an example of

Back 89

a plant hormone

Front 90

which of the following occurred first, the origin of vascular plants or the Mesozoic Era

Back 90

Vascular plants

Front 91

which of the following is the advantage of having vascular tissue

Back 91

"A and B"

to control transport of water, and to support against gravity

Front 92

in plants, chloroplasts were likely descendants of ____ and mitochondria are descendants of ____

Back 92

cyanobacteria; proteobacteria

Front 93

which of the following data types CANNOT be used to build phylogenies

Back 93

"all of these can be used"

shared morphological features in fossils, similar RNA sequences in viruses, similar DNA sequences in prokaryotes, and shared behavioral characteristics of animals

Front 94

if saber-toothed cat fossils were found in sedimentary rock, evidence of an earlier origin of the cats would be found

Back 94

in deeper sedimentary rock layers

Front 95

when using phylogeny to define taxonomic groups, a taxonomists would name groups that are

Back 95

monophyletic

Front 96

the group within Domain Bacteria that has the most described species is

Back 96

proteobacteria

Front 97

If an animal has a pseudocoelom, it must also

Back 97

have three germ layers

Front 98

The ultimate source of energy in an ecosystem is

Back 98

the sun

Front 99

mollusks with different body plans share which of the following features (even if modified)

Back 99

"all of the above"

mantle, shell, radula, and foot

Front 100

in general, "knock out experiments" like that performed to investigate pheromones and behavior in mice tell researchers

Back 100

behavior is influenced by genes

Front 101

***The sister group to animals is

Back 101

choanoflagellates

Front 102

The goal of conservation biology is to

Back 102

maintain biodiversity while still allowing human interaction

Front 103

species richness measure

Back 103

total number of species in a community

Front 104

Fish like bass are at a high risk of predation as eggs, but have less predation risk later in life. They probably have which survivorship curve

Back 104

Type II

Front 105

*** The animal clade with the most species is

Back 105

Protostomes

Front 106

The function of the echinoderm water vascular system is to

Back 106

move the tube feet

Front 107

which of the following is NOT an interaction that has a positive effect on one species, but a negative effect on a second species

Back 107

competition

Front 108

Cecilia is doing a research project on eutrophication in the Gulf of Mexico. She observes an increase in density of algae in her study area. eutrophication directly influences which of the following

Back 108

the nitrogen cycle

Front 109

insects use ____ to transport oxygen

Back 109

"A and B"

Trachea and Tracheoles, and Spiracles

Front 110

Why do we describe energy as "flowing" through an ecosystem, but carbon as cycling through an ecosystem

Back 110

energy is lost when transferred between organisms, but carbon is not lost from the ecosystem

Front 111

a difference between the two clades of protostomes (Ecdysozoans and Lophotrochozoans) is that only

Back 111

Ecdysozoans shed a cuticle

Front 112

what is the evolutionary advantage of paired appendages

Back 112

Different appendages can be specialized

Front 113

fields of applied biology like Conservation and Animal behavior use which of the following to ask questions

Back 113

"all or some of these"

Front 114

which of the following statements about sponges is false

Back 114

they lack specialized cells

Front 115

the advantage of an amniotic egg is that it

Back 115

has extraembyonic membranes that prevent the embryo from drying out

Front 116

which of the following is an adaption that helped animals cope with living on land is correctly matched with its function

Back 116

Vertebrate scales; preventing water loss

Front 117

**** ____ is a characteristic of animals, and ____ is a synapomorphy

Back 117

Heterotrophy and collagen

Front 118

A common feature of all parasites is

Back 118

the presence of extensive reproductive organs

Front 119

which of the following is NOT true about deuterostomes

Back 119

they have spiral cleavage

Front 120

the most common type of dispersion of population is

Back 120

clumped

Front 121

which of the following is NOT an adaption used for feeding in animals

Back 121

flagellated cells

Front 122

A keystone species is

Back 122

a species that has a disproportionately large effect on others in a community

Front 123

if iron is essential to living things, which of the following is likely to occur when the iron is removed from one of its normal compartments

Back 123

there will be effects on multiple biogeochemical cycles

Front 124

population ecology measure features of

Back 124

members of a species that interact

Front 125

you have identified an animals that is pentaradially symmetrical, but has larvae that are bilaterally symmetrical. this animal could be any of these except

Back 125

an acoelomate organism

Front 126

digestion in fungo occurs by breaking down food

Back 126

outside the body

Front 127

Organ systems first evolved

Back 127

after animals became diploblastic

Front 128

***In a community, ____ are the group of decomposers that return CO2 to the atmosphere using their ____

Back 128

fungi; hyphae

Front 129

which of the following animals lacks an endoskeleton

Back 129

jelly fish

Front 130

****Cecilia identified an aquatic animal that was brightly colored and poisonous. The evolution of these features was likely a consequence of which field of ecology

Back 130

community ecology

Front 131

in a community, primary productivity decreases when ____ is reduced we expect to see a(n) ____ in community diversity

Back 131

on primary producer biomass; decrease

Front 132

HOX genes code for

Back 132

transcription factors

Front 133

If you eat a slice of a moldy loaf of bread that spends most of its lifecycle as asexual, you are eating

Back 133

zygomycota

Front 134

when a researcher measure physiological changes in behavior that arise from exposure to a hormone they are examining

Back 134

proximate causes of behavior

Front 135

Based on the graphs above, Chthalamus ______ the growth of Balanus and this is called ___

Back 135

is limited by; competitive exclusion

Front 136

In graph B, Chthalamus reaches a limited density even when Balanus is not present. The limitation of population size likely illustrates

Back 136

carrying capacity

Front 137

for the x axis, "n" refers to normal levels of the variable and "e" refers to elevated levels of the variable. Even if the data is not significant, which of the following is suggested by the graph

Back 137

Elevated CO2 levels increase microbial abundance in wet environments

Front 138

which of the following best represents the population size changes in Tasmanian Devil populations

Back 138

C