India is the third largest egg producer and fifth largest poultry-meat producer country in the world (Mitra and Bose 2005). By 2003, India was producing 1.6 million tons of poultry-meat, which had risen to 2.0 million tons by 2006 (Hellin and Erenstein 2009) and now stands at 2.2 million tons per annum (www.dahd.nic.in).The per capita consumption of meat is expected to increase in India, from its current level of 3.1 kg to up to 18 kg by 2050, of which 12.5 kg would be chicken (Alexandratos and Bruinsma 2003). At least 80% of employment in the poultry sector generated by farmers directly while other 20% are engaged in allied activities like feed production, pharmaceuticals and equipment (A. Sridharan , Dr. Saravanan 2013). The poultry industry
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The poultry industry will not be able to solve these issues by itself, and research centers can be of great help. In challenges and opportunities that the poultry industry and research centers are currently facing are as follows:
1. Increasing and changing consumer demands regarding safety of poultry …show more content…
Maintaining a constant body temperature in birds and mammals requires high levels of oxygen consumption and exercise in birds—namely flapping flight—creates the highest oxygen demand of any vertebrate. The structure of the avian respiratory system is very different from the mammalian lung and some of these differences support more efficient gas exchange, whereas others may be alternative evolutionary solutions to common problems in air breathing vertebrates. Generally, the respiratory system acts as a servant to the rest of the organism by delivering enough oxygen and removing sufficient carbon dioxide for metabolic demands. As oxygen demand increases, a variety of respiratory responses ensure an adequate supply of oxygen, which involve the lungs, respiratory mechanics, the pulmonary circulation, transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood, pulmonary and tissue gas exchange, and the coordination of all these mechanisms by the respiratory control system. Individual sections in this chapter focus on each of these physiological mechanisms. In birds, the
The poultry industry will not be able to solve these issues by itself, and research centers can be of great help. In challenges and opportunities that the poultry industry and research centers are currently facing are as follows:
1. Increasing and changing consumer demands regarding safety of poultry …show more content…
Maintaining a constant body temperature in birds and mammals requires high levels of oxygen consumption and exercise in birds—namely flapping flight—creates the highest oxygen demand of any vertebrate. The structure of the avian respiratory system is very different from the mammalian lung and some of these differences support more efficient gas exchange, whereas others may be alternative evolutionary solutions to common problems in air breathing vertebrates. Generally, the respiratory system acts as a servant to the rest of the organism by delivering enough oxygen and removing sufficient carbon dioxide for metabolic demands. As oxygen demand increases, a variety of respiratory responses ensure an adequate supply of oxygen, which involve the lungs, respiratory mechanics, the pulmonary circulation, transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood, pulmonary and tissue gas exchange, and the coordination of all these mechanisms by the respiratory control system. Individual sections in this chapter focus on each of these physiological mechanisms. In birds, the