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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the standard prophylactic regimen for a nonallergic adult patient?
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2 g Amoxicillin one hour before procedure
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What is the standard prophylactic regimen for a nonallergic children patient?
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50 mg Amoxicillin one hour before procedure
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What antibiotics are used when a patient has an allergy to Amoxicillin?
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Clindamycin
Cephalexin Azithromycin |
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What antibiotic can be used to treat a periapical abscess in a patient who has a history of hypersensitivity to penicillin?
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Azithromycin
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What is the standard regimen for Clindamycin in adults?
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600 mg 1 hour prior to treatment
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What is the standard regimen for Clindamycin in children?
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20 mg 1 hour prior to treatment
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What is the standard regimen for Cephalexin in adults?
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2 g 1 hour prior to treatment
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What is the standard regimen for Cephalexin in children?
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50 mg 1 hour prior to treatment
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What is the standard regimen for Azithromycin in adults?
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500 mg 1 hour prior to treatment
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What is the standard regimen for Azithromycin in children?
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15 mg 1 hour prior to treatment
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An infection, usually of the oral cavity or vagina which is caused by the candida species which causes an inflammatory, pruritic infection.
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Candidiasis
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What is the most likely condition to predispose a patient to candidiasis?
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Immune deficiency disorder
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What are the two antifungal medications that are used as swish and swallow treatments for candidiasis?
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Nyastatin and Clotrimazole
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What drugs are included in the Penicillin family?
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Penicillin VK
Amoxicillin Amoxicillin/Clavulanate Ampicillin |
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What drug inhibits cell wall synthesis, is bactericidal and has hypersensitivty as its adverse effect?
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Penicillins
Cephalosporins |
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What drugs are included in the Cephalosponis family?
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Cephalexin (Keflex)
Cefalcor (Ceclor) Clindamycin |
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What drug inhibits 50S ribosomes, is bacteriostatic and has pseudomembranous colitis as its adverse effect?
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Clindamycin
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What drugs are included in the Macrolides family?
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Azithromycin (Z-Pack)
Clarithromycin (Biaxin) Erythromycin |
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What family of drugs inhibits the 50S ribosomes and is bacteriostatic with no generalized significant adverse effects?
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Macrolides
Tetracyclines |
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What drugs have an adverse effect that includes GI hypersensitivity?
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Clarithromycin (Biaxin)
Erythromycin |
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What drugs are included in the Tetracycline family?
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Tetracycline
Doxycycline (Vibramycin) Minocycline (Minocin) |
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What drug in the tetracycline family is susceptible to superinfections as its adverse effect?
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Tetracycline
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What drugs are included in the Aminoglycosides family?
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Streptomycin
Gentamycin |
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What family of drugs inhibits the 30S ribosomes is bactericidal, and is associated with ototoxicity, and nephrotoxicity as its adverse effects?
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Aminoglycosides
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What drug inhibits DNA, is bactericidal and has side effects of nausea and headache?
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Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
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What drug inhibits cell wall synthesis is bactericidal and has the side effect of nephrotoxicity?
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Bacitracin
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What drug inhibits 50S ribosomes is bacteriostatic and has blood disorders as an adverse effect?
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Chloramphenicol
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What drug is in the cephalosporin family that is considered a broad spectrum antibiotic?
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Cefaclor
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This class of antibiotics behave like penicillin in that they affect the bacterial cell wall during cell division such that closure does not occur.
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Cephalosporin
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What is the generational progression of Cephalosporins characterized by?
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Broadening action against gram-negative and decreased activity against gram-positive
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What are the first generation cephalosporins?
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Cephalexin (Keflex)
Cephradine (Velosef) Cefadroxil (Duricef) Cefazolin (Ancef) |
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What are the second generation cephalosporins?
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Cefaclor (Ceclor)
Cefuroxime (Ceftin) Cefoxitin (Mefoxin) |
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What are the third generation cephalosporins?
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Cefixime (Suprax)
Cefoperazone (Cefobid) |
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What is the fourth generation cephalosporin?
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Cefepime (Maxipime)
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What percentage of individuals expressing allergy to the penicillin family of antibiotics will have cross allergenicity to the cephalosporins?
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10%
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What are the antibiotic agents that affect bacterial DNA?
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Quinolone family (Ciprofloxacin)
Metronidazole (Flagyl) |
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What antibiotic agents interfere with bacterial metabolic pathways?
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Sulfonamides
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What two antibiotics are usually prescribed in the treatment of Rickettsial diseases?
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Tetracycline
Chloramphenicol |
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Small, gram-negative, aerobic, coccobacilliary bacteria that are obligate intracellular parasites, which contain both RNA and DNA and results from insect bites.
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Rickettsia
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What is the target cell for all rickettsiae?
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Endothelial Capillaries
Small blood vessels |
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What is in the Spotted fever groups of rickettsiae?
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Rocky Mountain Spotted fever
Queensland tick fever Boutonneuse Fever, kenya tick fever Siberian Tick fever Rickettsialpox |
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What is in the Typhus group of rickettsiae?
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Louse-borne typhus (epidemic typhus)
Murine typhus (endemic typhys) Scrub typhus Q Fever |
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Which penicillin is prescribed primarily in the treatment of severe penicillinase-producing staphylococcal infections?
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Methicillin
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Produced by certain bacteria that render penicillin inactive (some strains of staphylococci).
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Penicillinase
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Penicillin inhibits the terminal step in what?
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Peptidoglycan synthesis
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Which antibiotic is not only effective against most Staph., aerobic and anaerobic Strep., but is most effective in treating infections due to bacteroides species?
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Clindamycin
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What causes the adverse side effects of clindamycin usage?
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Overgrowth of Clostridium difficile bacteria
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An antibiotic that is bacteriostatic and is active against most gram-positive and many anaerobic organisms, including the anaerobic gram-negative bacteria bacteroides fragilis.
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Clindamycin
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Why can Clindamycin be safely given to patients that are allergic to penicillins?
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No cross allergenicity
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What is the major sterol of fungal membranes?
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Ergesterol
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What two antifungals are polyene antibiotics which impair ergesterol synthesis?
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Amphotericin B
Nystatin |
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What antifungal medications are used to combat candidiasis in the oral cavity or oropharynx and alters the cell membrane of a fungus?
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Clotrimazole (Mycolex Troche)
Nystatin (Mycostatin) |
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What antifungal medications combat the cutaneous and mucocutaneous candidiasis, and alters the cell membrane of the fungus?
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Amphotericin-B (Fungizone)
Ketoconazole (Nizoral) Nystatin (Mycostatin) |
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What antifungals are used to combat oral, esophageal, oropharyngeal candidiasis which attacks the fungus by altering the cell membrane?
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Fluconazole (Diflucan)
Ketoconazole (Nizoral) |
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What antifungal medication is used to treat systemic Candidiasis and is administered through IV injection?
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Amphotericin-B
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What is associated with systemic amphotericin-B?
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High incidence of kidney toxicity
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Drugs that affect cell membrane permeability, causing leakage of cellular constituents, which leads to the death of the cell
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Antifungal drugs
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