Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Muslces involved in heel strike |
Knee extensors, hip extensors, tib anterior |
|
|
Mid Stance Muslces |
Gluteal max, quads, gastroc/soleus, abductors, adductors |
|
|
Toe off muscles |
Iliopsoas, quadriceps, gastroc, soleus |
|
|
Swing phase muscles |
Quadriceps and hip flexors initially, hamstrings at the late swing |
|
|
Overuse injuries associated with the gait cycle most common from... |
Heel strike (eccentric load) in the lower leg knee
Muscles deteriorate over time, unable to recover if not enough rest
As the mind fatigues, ability to reduce shock decreases |
|
|
Common overuse injuries |
Lateral epicondylitis Plantar fasciitis Rib stress fractures Shin splints Patellar tendonitis Supraspinatis Tendonitis Achilles tendonitis Compartment syndromes |
|
|
Factors to consider with overuse injuries |
Intensity Frequency Duration Biomechanics Training Surface |
|
|
Signs and symptoms |
Swelling, pain with use or after use, maybe thickening of bursa, tendon, synovial sheath, weakness may be evident |
|
|
Kennedys five stages of overuse |
1. Pain after activity is stopped 2. Pain at beginning and after activity (no effect on play) 3. Pain before, after, and during activity but play is not affected 4. Same as 3 but play affected 5. Can not play |
|
|
Causes of overuse injuries |
Muscle imbalance (weak or tight)
Over stressing joint with training schedule
Mal - alignment (shoes, q angle at knees)
Trauma to area and then training |
|
|
Treatment of overuse injuries - modification of activities |
1. Continue 2. Reduce 25% 3. Reduce 50% 4. Reduce 50% 5. Stop activity |
|
|
Treatment of overuse injury |
Ice
Assess for imbalances
Eccentric training
Cortisone / anti-inflammatory |
|
|
To remember for treatment of cryotherapy and thermotherapy |
Explain what you are planning on doing and why Get informed consent Test for hot/cold sensation Apply modality Set timer Remove and check skin |
|
|
What does cryotherapy do? (6) |
Decrease blood flow Increase pain threshold Decrease spasming Decrease nerve conduction velocity Alters muscle strength - facilitation of motor nerve excitability so increases strength with 5 minutes of ice massage |
|
|
How is cryotherapy used? (5) |
Inflammation control Edema control Pain control Modification of spasticity Facilitation |
|
|
Contraindications of cryotherapy are... |
Raynauds disease / compromised peripheral vascular disease / no sensation in the area that ice will be applied |
|
|
Cautions of cryotherapy |
Hypertension / poor comprehension / limited ability to communicate / placement over and open wound
Patient will feel - cold, burning, pain, numbness
Never right on skin (10 - 15 minutes) check skin after |
|
|
Types of cryotherapy |
Bath - ice immersion Ice massage Ice pack Cold spray Contrast bath Cryocuff |
|
|
Consequences of thermotherapy |
Vasodilation Increased pain threshold Increased collagen extensibility Relaxation |
|
|
How is thermotherapy used? |
Changes in strength (for 30 mins) Increased ROM and decreased joint stiffness Pain control Accelerated healing Decrease spasms |
|
|
Contraindications of thermotherapy |
Acute injury impaired sensation hemorrhage malignancy impaired comprehension |
|
|
Cautions of thermotherapy |
edema open wounds (no no) cardiac insufficiency impaired circulation |
|
|
Types of thermotherapy |
hot bath hot pack (6-8 towels) Heating inside out (dynamic warm up) wax bath |
|
|
Effects of cryo vs thermo |
both decrease muscle spasm
both decrease pain
cold reduces collagen, metabolic rate, nerve conduction velocity, edema formation, blood flow while heat increases |
|
|
Effects of massage |
Decrease adhesions Increase circulation Increase muscle flexibility Increase relaxation Decreases stress |
|
|
Pre event massage should be how long, how fast, and is it suitable for a warm-up? |
5 - 15 minutes
Not suitable for a warm-up
Arythmical, fast |
|
|
During competition massage |
Specific goals
Conservative |
|
|
Post game massage |
Slow stroking
10 - 30 minutes
Promotes circulation
Not on new injured sites |
|
|
Absolute contraindications for massage (8) |
Arthritis Shock Hemhorrage Fever Varicose veins Deep vein thombrosis Open wound Systemic infections |
|
|
Massage questions pre event (4) |
Do you have any new injuries? Have you had a massage before? Allergies? Have you warmed up yet? |
|
|
Post event massage questions |
Any new injuries? Have you cooled down? Have you had a massage before? |
|
|
When do you use effleurage? |
Start of massage |
|
|
Techniques of petrissage |
Squeezing Strippping Wringing Picking up Kneading |
|
|
Tapotement techniques |
Light (tapping) Heavy hacking, cupping, knocking, pounding |
|
|
Principles of massage |
General to specific to general Superficial to deep to superficial Proximal to distal to proximal periphery to center periphery |
|
|
Proprioceptive neruomuscular facilitation |
Mobilize joint restriction, strengthen weak muscles, stretch tight fascia, reduce muscle tone, and improve circulation 80 - 100 % isometric contraction of muscle recruits other muscles hold 5 - 10 sec repeat 1 - 5 times |
|
|
What is a CR stretch? |
Contract hold relax - clinician passively stretches the muscle further into ROM |
|
|
CRAC stretch |
Contract relax agonist contract - reciprocal inhibition |
|
|
What is muscle energy stretching used for? (5) |
Mobilize joint restriction Strengthen weak muscles Stretch tight fascia Reduce muscle tone Improve circulation
|
|
|
What is important in muscle energy stretching, how much MVC do you want to recruit, what kind of contraction is it, how long does clinician hold against contraction and how many times? |
Isolate one muscle
20 - 50 %
Isometric
6 - 10 sec
3 - 5 times |
|
|
How long do the effects of static stretching last for? |
90 minutes |
|
|
How must you approach the endpoint in static stretching |
slowly or else muscle spindle with contract muscle |
|
|
What does static muscle stretching produce and how long to hold for and how many reps? |
Produces inhibition of the muscle causing relaxation, 12 - 60 seconds 3 - 5 times |
|
|
How long must you hold a capsular or fascia stretch? |
2 - 15 minutes |
|
|
Research has shown what regarding Capsular or Fascia Stretching? |
Decrease in force production, reaction time, movement time, vertical jump, and balance for 90 minutes |
|
|
What does dynamic stretching do and how? |
Primes the muscles by actively taking limb through ROM, increasing blood flow and HR and stimulates muscle spindle activity |
|
|
Contraindications of stretching |
unable to follow direction due to language, age, or comprehension, also acute lesion (fracture) |
