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71 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Excess fluid not able to enter the capillaries are returned to the blood as? |
Lymph |
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What is lymph? |
The excess fluid left behind by capillary exchange that drains from the tissues how |
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How is lymph transported? |
Through the lymphatic vessels to the bloodstream |
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Name the parts of the lymphatic system? |
Lymph nodes Lymphoid organs (spleen and thymus) |
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What is interstitial fluid? |
Fluid surrounding the cells |
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Which capillaries are more porous and can allow larger molecules to pass through it? Blood or lymph capillaries? |
Lymph |
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Explain the flow of lymph? |
Lymphatic capillaries to lymphatic venules to lymphatic veins then empties into one of two lymphatic vessels which are the right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct which return the lymph to the blood |
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Name the lymphatic terminal vessels? |
Right lymphatic duct Thoracic duct |
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What is the largest lymphatic vessel? |
Thoracic duct |
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Where in the body receives lymph from the right lymphatic duct? |
Right side of the head, neck and upper torso |
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What pouchlike structure located in the thoracic duct of the abdomen serves as a temporary holding area for lymph moving towards its point of entry into the veins? |
Cisterna chyli |
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Lymphatic capillaries in the walls of the small intestines are called? |
Lacteals |
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What is lymphedema? |
Abnormal condition in which tissues swell because of accumulation of lymph |
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What is the function of the cisterna chyli? |
Temporary holding area for lymph |
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What are the functions of lacteals in the walls of the small intestines? |
Transport fats obtained from digested food in the bloodstream |
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Lymphatic vessel inflammation is called? |
Lymphangitis |
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How can you tell that someone has lymphangitis? |
Red streaks from the area of infection |
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What will happen to a person with lymphangitis if the infection that cause it spread to the bloodstream? |
Septicemia (blood poisoning) |
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A severe form of lymphedema is called? |
Elephantiasis |
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What are the lymphoid organs? |
Tonsils Thymus Spleen Lymph nodes |
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Lymphoid tissues are a mass of this type of leukocyte? |
Lymphocytes |
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This organ appears in clusters along the lymphatic vessels? |
Lymph nodes |
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Lymph nodes conducts a process called biological filtration- what happens in this process? |
Phagocytosis helps to prevent infection. |
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Is the fit between the lymphatic capillaries tight? Explain why |
No - because larger molecules need to pass through |
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Lymph enters the nodes through these vessels? |
Afferent lymphatic vessels |
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What is the meaning of afferent? |
Carry in |
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Lymph exits the node through these vessels? |
Efferent lymphatic vessels |
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What is the meaning of efferent? |
Carry away from |
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Spaces that surround lymph nodules? |
Sinuses |
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New immune cells are produced in the core of each nodule called the? |
Germinal center |
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Why is lymph filtered as it goes through the nodes? |
To remove bacteria, viruses, cancer and damaged tissue cells from entering the blood and circulating all over the body |
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Name the two step process that lymph nodes conduct to prevent bacteria, cancer and viruses from entering the blood and circulating all over the body? |
First: debris is trapped by a recticular fiber in the lymph nodes Next: immune cells destroy and break apart the debris by phagocytosis and other biological process |
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X-ray of the lymphatic system is called? |
Lymphangiogram |
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Infection of one or more regions of lymph nodes (ie the elbow and axillary)? |
Lymphadenitis |
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In which region do you find lymph nodes that filters lymph returning from the hand? |
Elbow and axillary region |
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The spreading of cancer cells to other areas of the body is called? |
Metastasis |
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Where do you find the thymus? |
In the mediastinum upwards to the midline of the neck |
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This lymphoid organ produces lymphocytes before birth? |
Thymus |
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These hormones are secreted by the thymus? |
Thymosines |
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What is the role of thymosins? |
Influence the development of T cells |
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The thymus is replaced by fat in a process called? |
Involution |
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Name the tonsils and state where they are found? |
Palatine tonsils- each side of the throat Pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) - posterior opening of the nasal cavity Lingual tonsils- near the base of the tongue |
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What is the purpose of your tonsils? |
Protect against bacteria around the openings of the nasal and oral cavities |
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Chronic infections of the tonsils are called? |
Tonsillitis |
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What lymphatic organ serves as the first line of defense from the exterior? |
Tonsils |
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What is the largest lymphoid organ? |
Spleen |
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Where in the body is the spleen found? |
Upper left abdominal quadrant - lateral to the stomach |
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What is the surgical removal of the spleen called? |
Splenectomy |
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Abnormal spleen enlargement is known as? |
Splenomegaly |
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The organ that serves as a reservoir/ stores blood for the cardiovascular system when needed? |
Spleen |
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Why would splenomegaly cause anemia? |
The spleen serves as a reservoir to store blood and if removed can cause anemia |
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Lymphatic tumors are known as? |
Lymphoma |
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What are the two categories of lymphoma? |
Hodgkin disease Non-Hodgkin lymphoma |
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Where in the body lymphoma normally occurs? |
Lymph nodes Neck |
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Why is the thymus important for immunity? |
It creates T lymphocytes/T cells which are formed before birth to help fight infections |
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The body’s overall system that fights infection is called? |
The immune system |
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What is the main defense chemical that works the immune system and the main chemical that operates the lymphatic system? Which one is the stronger of the two systems? |
Immune system is operated by the Leukocytes (WBC) Lymphatic system is operated by lymphocytes
Leukocytes are the strongest which makes the immune system stronger than the lymphatic system |
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What is innate immunity? |
Defenses you were born with |
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Another name for innate immunity? |
Nonspecific immunity |
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Why is innate immunity sometimes called nonspecific immunity? |
Because it protects the entire body and is not specific to certain types of threats or chemicals |
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Which type of immunity is faster, nonspecific or specific? |
Nonspecific are more rapid and are the first responders when threats occur in the body |
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Name the molecule sent by the cells in an inflammatory response to attract white blood cells or other substances to the area of infection? It’s the inflammation mediators |
Cytokines |
They signal the immune system to do its job Inflammation mediators |
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What is chemotaxis? |
The attraction or migration of cells to the area of inflammation |
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What are the signs of inflammation? |
Redness Heat/fever Pain Swelling |
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A systemic body inflammation response is manifested by a _____? |
Fever |
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Name some nonspecific immunity? |
Inflammation Fever Phagocytosis Tears Skin and mucous membranes |
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Which type of immunity has an immune memory? |
Adaptive immunity |
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True or false Adaptive immunity is faster than innate immunity? |
False - innate is faster |
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Name the types of adaptive immunity? |
Natural Artificial |
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Explain natural and artificial exposure specific immunity? |
Natural: Day to day living around bacteria and other pathogens Artificial: exposure is by immunization- the deliberate exposure to the harmful agent |
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What is active immunity? and what is passive immunity? |
Active: the individuals own immune system respond to the agent that produced the immune response Passive : the immunity is developed from another person to an individual that was not immune - ie - mother to baby |
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