Chapterx12 Holt Sociology Family

Front 1

According to sociologists, what is a family?

Back 1

group of people who are related by marriage, blood, or adoption and who live together and share economic resources p296

Front 2

What is a nuclear family?

Back 2

family form that consists of one or both parents and their children 296

Front 3

What is a family of orientation?

Back 3

nuclear family into which a person is born p296

Front 4

What is a family of procreation?

Back 4

nuclear family in consisting of an individual, his or her spouse, and their children p296

Front 5

What is an extended family?

Back 5

family form that consists of three or more generations of a famly sharing the same residence p296

Front 6

What is kinship?

Back 6

network of people who are related by marriage, birth, or adoption p296

Front 7

What is marriage?

Back 7

set of norms that specify the ways in which family structure should be organized p 297

Front 8

What is monogamy?

Back 8

marriage of one man to one woman p 297

Front 9

What is polygamy?

Back 9

marriage with multiple partners p297

Front 10

What is polygyny?

Back 10

form of polygamy in which a man is permitted to marry more than one woman at a time p300

Front 11

What is polyandry?

Back 11

form of polygamy in which a woman is permitted to marry more than one man at a time p300

Front 12

What is patrilocality?

Back 12

residential pattern in which a newly married couple is expected to live with or near the husband's parents p300

Front 13

What is matrilocality?

Back 13

residential pattern in which a newly married couple is expected to live with or near the wife's parents p300

Front 14

What is bilocality?

Back 14

residential pattern in which a newly married couple is expected to live with or near the husband's parents or the wife's parents p300

Front 15

What is neolocality?

Back 15

residential pattern in which a newly married couple is free to set up their residence apart from both sets of parents p301

Front 16

What is patrilineal descent?

Back 16

descent pattern in which kinship is traced through the father's family p301

Front 17

What is matrilineal descent?

Back 17

descent pattern in which kinship is traced through the mother's family p301

Front 18

What is bilateral descent?

Back 18

descent pattern in which kinship is traced through both parents p301

Front 19

What is patriarchy?

Back 19

a family authoriy pattern in which the the father holds most of the authority p302

Front 20

What is matriarchy?

Back 20

a family authoriy pattern in which the the mother holds most of the authority p302

Front 21

What is an egalitarian (authority system)?

Back 21

A family authority system in which the mother and father share power p302

Front 22

What is the incest taboo?

Back 22

norm forbidding sexual relations or marriage between certain relatives p302

Front 23

What three broad groupings can kinship system categories (up to 200 different ones) be grouped?

Back 23

primary, secondary and tertiary relatives p297

Front 24

What are primary relatives?

Back 24

An individual's closest relatives are called primary relatives. They are the members of an individual's families of orientation and procreation.

Front 25

What are the seven possible categories of primary relatives?

Back 25

mother, father, sister, brother, spouse, daughter, and son p297 This would include all step and half versions of these seven categories.

Front 26

What are secondary relatives?

Back 26

Secondary relatives are the primary relatives of an individual's primary relatives. Secondary relatives consist of more than 30 additional categories, including grandparents, grandchildren, in-laws, aunts, uncles, nephews, and nieces.

Front 27

What are some examples of secondary relatives?

Back 27

Secondary relatives consist of more than 30 additional categories, including grandparents, grandchildren, in-laws, aunts, uncles, nephews, and nieces.

Front 28

What are tertiary relatives?

Back 28

When the primary relatives of an individual's secondary relatives are considered, some 150 other categories are added to the kinship system. Individuals at this level are called tertiary relatives and include great-grandparents, great-grandchildren, great-aunts, great-uncles, and cousins. p297

Front 29

What norms in societies or groups influence marriage patterns?

Back 29

number of marriage partners, and residential, descent, and authority patterns

Front 30

List and describe the 5 most basic functions of the family.

Back 30

the regulation of sexual activity, reproduction, socialization, and economic and emotional security

Front 31

What is homogamy?

Back 31

tendency for individuals to marry people who have social characteristics similar totheir own, p305, 129

Front 32

What is heterogamy?

Back 32

tendency for individuals to marry people who have social characteristics different from their own p306

Front 33

What are dual-earner families?

Back 33

families in which both the husband and wife have jobs p310

Front 34

What is meant by the phrase "sandwich generation"?

Back 34

Americans caught between the needs of their children and their aging parents p313

Front 35

What is voluntary childlessness?

Back 35

conscious choice to remain childless p313

Front 36

What are some types of disruptions that American families might experience?

Back 36

family violence, divorce, empty nest, death of a spouse

Front 37

What is family violence?

Back 37

physical violence by one family member on another

Front 38

What is divorce?

Back 38

legal dissolution of marriage

Front 39

Whom, in general, do Americans marry?

Back 39

Most Americans marry people with similar social characteristics, such as age, socioeconomic status, religion and race

Front 40

What trends in American family patterns have sociologists been studying in recent years?

Back 40

delayed marriage, delayed childbearing, childlessness, dual-earner marriages, one-parent families, and remarriage

Front 41

How are families structured around the world?

Back 41

by marriage, blood, or adoption

Front 42

Question: What four basic questions help to determine how a society or group organizes families?

Back 42

How many marriage partners may a person have? Who will live with whom? How will family membership be determined? Who will make decisions in the family?

Front 43

What functions does the family fulfill?

Back 43

regulation of sexual activity, reproduction, socialization, and economic and emotional security

Front 44

How do sociologists explain the high rate of divorce in the United States?

Back 44

The laws governing the divorce process have become less complicated, the number of dual-earner and the growth of day-care facilities have increased the economic independence of women, society is more tolerant, and people expect more of marriage and are less willing to accept marital problems

Front 45

Why has the number of married women in the workforce increased?

Back 45

Few families today can survive on just one salary. Women want careers.

Front 46

According to sociologists, what is a family?

Back 46

group of people who are related by marriage, blood or adoption and who live together and share economic resources p 296

Front 47

What is monogamy?

Back 47

marriage of one man to one woman p297

Front 48

What is polygamy?

Back 48

marriage with multiple partners p297

Front 49

What is homogamy?

Back 49

tendency for individuals to marry people who have social characteristics similar to their own p 305, 129

Front 50

What is heterogamy?

Back 50

tendency for individuals to marry people who have social characteristics different from their own p306