Chapter 5 Biology

Front 1

what kind of reaction is photosynthesis? why?

Back 1

anabolic, because it combines simple molecules into more complex molecules.

Front 2

is photosynthesis endergonic or exergonic?why?

Back 2

endergonic, because it stores energy and does not release energy

Front 3

energy from the ___ is stored in the bonds of the sugar _______.

Back 3

sun / glucose

Front 4

What serves as the carbon source for photosynthesis?

Back 4

carbon dioxide (CO2)

Front 5

sunlight is absorbed as packets of energy called ______.

Back 5

photons

Front 6

Besides carbon dioxide (CO2), _______ is also used in photosynthesis to produce ___________ such as the sugar, _________.

Back 6

water (H2O)/ macrmolocules / glucose

Front 7

what organisms does photosynthesis occur in?

Back 7

autotrophs (plants)

Front 8

where does photosynthesis mainly occur in the plant?

Back 8

leaves

Front 9

what are the pores under the leaf of a plant are called?

Back 9

stoma

Front 10

what are the cells that contain chloropyll called?

Back 10

mesophyll

Front 11

what is the organelle in mesophyll cells that contain chlorophyll called?

Back 11

chloroplast

Front 12

what are two gases that exchange through the stomata of a leaf?

Back 12

oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2)

Front 13

true or false?
water vapor can be lost from a leaf.

Back 13

true

Front 14

how many membrane(s) does a chloroplast have?

Back 14

two

Front 15

what is the outer membrane of a chloroplast contain?

Back 15

(like a call membrane)
is has a phosolipid bilayer and protien globulers

Front 16

what is the jelly-like substance in a chloroplast?

Back 16

stroma

Front 17

what are the flat sacs in chloroplast ?

Back 17

thylakoid

Front 18

what are stacks of thylakoids called?

Back 18

granum

Front 19

grana make up which chloroplast membreane?

Back 19

inner

Front 20

why are plants green?

Back 20

because they contain the pigment chlorophyll which is green

Front 21

what is chlorophyll's center ion?

Back 21

magnesium (Mg)

Front 22

where are chlorophyll molecules located? what do they do?

Back 22

thylakoid membrane, harvest light energy

Front 23

true or false?
chlorophyll and other pigments absorb energy of light from 200nm to 1000 nm

Back 23

false.
chlorophyll and other pigments absorb energy of light from 400nm to 700nm

Front 24

which pigments do chlorophyll absorb best?

Back 24

red and blue
(they reflect green which is the color you see)

Front 25

during the fall what happens to the amount of chlorophyll in a plant?

Back 25

because of little sunlight the production of chloropyll is greatly reduced.

Front 26

what pigment include yellow, orange, and red?

Back 26

carotenoids

Front 27

why do leaves change color in the fall?

Back 27

because the plant stops producing the green pigment and then the other pigments are revealed

Front 28

what is a redox reaction?

Back 28

a reaction that involves the transfer of electrons between two chemical species

Front 29

what is the loss of electrons called?

Back 29

oxydation

Front 30

what is the gaining of electrons called?

Back 30

reduction

Front 31

what is the summary equationfor photosynthesis?

Back 31

6CO2+6H2O -> C2H12O6+6O2

Front 32

what is the primary source of energy for earth?

Back 32

sunlight

Front 33

plants store _____ in the chemical bonds of the_____, ________.

Back 33

energy / sugar, glucose

Front 34

when is chemical energy released from sugar?

Back 34

during cellular respiration

Front 35

what does ATP stand for?

Back 35

adenosine triphosphate

Front 36

what are the three parts of ATP?

Back 36

adenine, ribose, and 3 phosphate groups

Front 37

true or false?
the bond attaching the last phosphate group to ATP is a low energy bond.

Back 37

false
it is a high energy bond

Front 38

what happens if the last phosphate group is broken from ATP

Back 38

it releases energy for the cell to use

Front 39

name three things that happen when the last phosphate group is broken from ATP.

Back 39

energy is released, ADP is formed, and free phosphate group

Front 40

what is the process of turning ATP to ADP and a free phosphate group is called?

Back 40

phosphorylation

Front 41

what is the first part of photosynthesis?

Back 41

light reaction

Front 42

light reactions use energy from the ____to produce ____ and the energy carrier ______.

Back 42

sun / ATP / NADPH

Front 43

what is the second part of photosynthesis?

Back 43

the calvin cyle (or the dark reaction)

Front 44

true or false?
the calvin cylce does not require energy from the sun.

Back 44

true

Front 45

what is the calvin cyle also called?

Back 45

carbon fixation or the C3 pathway

Front 46

where do the light reactions take place?

Back 46

thylakoid membrane

Front 47

what are the two possible routes energized electrons can take during the light reaction?

Back 47

cyclic electric flow
and
noncyclic electric flow

Front 48

true or false?
the cyclic electron flow only uses PS 1 in the thylakoid membranes and has chlrophyll A molecules at the PS's reaction center that absorbs P700 wavelength of light.

Back 48

true

Front 49

what is the only energy generated in the cyclic eletron flow?

Back 49

ATP

Front 50

which photosystem does the noncyclic flow use?

Back 50

PS 1 and 2