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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
chlorophylls absorb what light
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orange, yellows
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cartenoids absorbs what light
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greens and blues
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oxygen given off by synthesis comes from what?
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water
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What is reduced in a photosynthesis reaction?
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CO2
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What is oxidized in a photosynthesis reaction?
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H2O
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What are mesophyll cells
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in the center of a leaf getting water from vessels from leaves to roots, protected by epidermal tissue that is covered by a waxy cuticle
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Stomats
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Holes in the leaves that allow passage of CO2 and O2, contains enzyme-rich solution where CO2 is reduced
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Thylakoids
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membranous system in stroma, flattened sacs sometimes stacked (grana); pigments found inside them which collect solar energy to energize electrons prior or reduction of CO2 in stroma
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Process of Light-Dependent Reactions
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Electrons energized when pigments absorb energy from sun, electrons
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Where is CO2 reduced?
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stroma
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Light Dependent reactions process
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Solar NRG --> thylakoid --> e- energized --> taken up by NADP+ (e- carrier) --> NADP+ becomes NADPH
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Light INdependent RXN process
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(Calvin Cycle): CO2 is taken up by substrate --> CO2 is reduced by ATP/NADPH--> ATP becomes ADP+P, NADPH becomes NADP+ --> return to light-dependent RXNs (synthesizing carbohydrate)
Requires more ATP than NADPH |
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Light Dependent: PS 1 process
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sun --> pigment --> reaction-center chlorophyll a, e- becomes excited--> e- escapes into an e- acceptor molecule
REDUCES NADP TO NADPH |
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Cyclic E- Pathway
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generates only ATP; begins after PS I pigment gets NRG; high NRG e- leave PS1 reaction center --> go through e- transport system (opt.)
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Electron Transport System, Cytochrome System
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series of carriers, where e- will pass through allowing NRG used to make ATP is released and stored
CONNECTS PS I AND PS I; PUMPS H+ |
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Noncyclic Electron Pathway (creates both ATP and NADPH)
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E- moves from H2O through PS II to PS I then to NADP+; begins when PS II pigment absorbs NRG and e- leave RXN center
Takes replacement e- from H2O to release O2 |
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E- that leave PS II, what happens to them?
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get captured by an e- acceptor --> e- transport system --> NRG used to make ATP is released&stored; low NRG e- go back to PSI to recharge
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ATP synthase
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has a H+ channel and protruding ATP synthase; H+ flows through here into the stroma and ATP is produced
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NADPH & ATP in PS II
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produced in PS I by reducing water; reduces CO2
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Reduction of CO2: where, how?
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in stroma of chloroplast during Calvin Cycle; doesn't require light but occurs during daytime where there's lots of ATP
CO2 taken up by RuBP (5 Carbons) --> breaks down to 2 PGA (3 C) --> reduced to PGAL using NADPH&ATP --> each becomes more energized |
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PGAL (3 C)
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product of Calvin cycle; becomes organic molecules
can be combined with fructose to make sucrose that transports carbs through plants |
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Starch
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storage form of glucose, some in chloroplasts, mostly in roots
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RuBP carboxylase
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enzyme that speeds up the combination of CO2 with RuBP (5 C);
20-50% of protein in chloroplasts because it's SLOW AS HELL |
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5 PGAL regenerate ___ RuBP?
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3
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