Ch 7 Pt. 1

Front 1

What is a macronutrient?

Back 1

nutrients needed in large quantaties, primarily for cell structure (protein, carbohydrates)

Front 2

What is a micronutrient?

Back 2

Small quantaties are needed for meatbolism. Often co-factors (Mg, Z)

Front 3

Organic Nutrients

Back 3

Contain both carbon and hydrogen

Front 4

Inorganic nutrients

Back 4

Do not contain both C and H

Front 5

What is CHONPS?

Back 5

The six elements found in all cells

Carbon

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Nitrogen

Phosphate

Sulfate

Front 6

Define basic cell chemical composition

Back 6

Water 70% (H,O)

Proteins 15% (C,H,N,P,S)

DNA/RNA 7% (C,H,N,P)

Carbohydrates 3% (C,H,O)

Lipids 2% (C,H)

Other 3%

Front 7

How is carbon used in a cell?

Back 7

Co2 produced by respiration, used in photosynthesis

CO3^2- found in cell walls/skeletons

Front 8

How is Nitrogen used in a cell?

Back 8

use NH3 to synthesize amino acids and nucleic acids

Front 9

How is oxygen used in a cell?

Back 9

Necessary for metabolism of nutrients in aerobes, significant element in organic/inorganic compounds

Front 10

How is hydrogen used in a cell?

Back 10

Used in water as a solvent, and for reactions, helps maintain pH of cells

Front 11

What different ways do bacteria acquire nutrients?

Back 11

Chemically

Sunlight

Dead or organic matter

Front 12

What is a chemoautotroph?

Back 12

Bacteria or archaea that solely survives on inorganic substances such as minerals or gases

Front 13

Diffusion

Back 13

The movement of molecules down their concentration gradient.

-Passive

-Nonspecific

Front 14

Osmosis

Back 14

The diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane

Front 15

Isotonic Solution

Back 15

Solution concentration is equal both inside and outside the cell. No net water movement

Front 16

Hypertonic solution

Back 16

The solution outside the cell has a higher concentration than that inside the cell. Net water movement is moving outside the cell.

Front 17

Hypotonic Solution

Back 17

The solution outside the cell has a lower concentration that inside the cell. Net water movement is into the cell.

Front 18

Faciliated diffusion

Back 18

- No energy spent (Passive)

- Specific

- Tranmembrane proteins allow specific molecules to diffuse into the cell that wouldn't otherwise pass through the membrane

Front 19

Active Transport

Back 19

-Active

-specific

Energy is expended by the cell to transport nutrietns against their gradient, or with gradient but faster than normal

Front 20

Endocytosis

Back 20

The process where solid and liquid materials are taken into the cell through membrane invagination and engulfment into a vesicle

Front 21

Phagocytosis

Back 21

type of endocytosis in which the cell membrane engulfs large particles or cells into vesicles

Front 22

Pinocytosis

Back 22

The engulfment or endocytosis of liquids through the cell membrane

Front 23

Name examples of passive transport

Back 23

Diffusion

Osmosis

Facilitated Diffussion

Front 24

Name examples of active transport

Back 24

Carrier mediated active transport

Group Translocation

Bulk Transport

Front 25

What is carrier mediated active transport

Back 25

Atoms or molecules are pumped into or out of the cell by specialized receptors. Driven by ATP or other high energy molecules

Front 26

What is group translocation?

Back 26

Molecule moved across a membrane and simultaneously converted to a metabolically useful product

Front 27

What is bulk transport?

Back 27

Mass transport of large particles, cells, and liquids by engulfment and vesicle formation

Front 28

What environmental factors do microbes have to contend with?

Back 28

Temperature

pH

Salinity

Oxygen Concetration

Gas requirements

Front 29

What temperature do psychophiles thrive at?

Back 29

Below 15 degrees C

Front 30

What temperature do mesophiles thrive at?

Back 30

Between 10 degrees C, and 50 degrees C

Front 31

What temperature do thermophiles thrive at?

Back 31

45 degrees C to 80 degrees C

Front 32

What temperature do hyperthermophiles thrive at?

Back 32

Above 80 degrees C

Front 33

What are the three cardinal temperatures?

Back 33

Minimum

Optimal

Maximum

Front 34

What type of Microbial Associations are there?

Back 34

Symbiotic

Non-Symbiotic

Front 35

Symbiotic Association

Back 35

Organisms that live in close nutritional relationship; required by one or both members

Front 36

Types and definition of symbiotic associations

Back 36

Mutualism: Obligatory, dependent, both members benefit

COmmensalism: The commensal benefits, other member not harmed

Parasitism: Parasite is dependent, benefits; host is harmed

Front 37

Types and definitions of non-symbiotic relationships

Back 37

Synergism: Members Cooperate and share nutrients

Antagonism: Some members are inhibited/destroyed by others

Front 38

Nonsymbiotic Association

Back 38

Organisms are free-living; relationships not required for survival