Anatomy Chapter 7 The Skeleton

Front 1

Skull

Vertebral column

Rib Cage

Back 1

Axial Skeleton (3) Composed of

Front 2

Occipital Bone

Parietal Bone (2)

Frontal bone

Temporal Bones (2)

Sphenoid

Ethmoid

Back 2

Cranial Bones (8 Bones - 6 different types)

Front 3

Sutures: Immovable joints

Fontanelles: Spaces between unfused cranial bones

Back 3

How are the bones of the skull joined? (2)

Front 4

Sutures

Back 4

Immovable joints

Front 5

Fontanelles

Back 5

Spaces between unfused cranial bones

- Fibrous connective tissue

- Significant so that head of infant can fit through birth canal

Front 6

Sella Turcica

Back 6

Saddle shaped bone below optic groove that cradles the pituitary gland

Front 7

Ethmoid Bone

Back 7

- Crista Galli

- Nasal concha

- Perpendicular plate

Front 8

Maxillae (2)

Palatine bones (2)

Nasal bones (2)

Inferior nasal conchae (2)

Zygomatic bones (2)

Lacrimal bones (2)

Vomer (1)

Mandible (1)

Back 8

Facial Bones (14 Total - 8 Different types)

Front 9

Ethmoid

Sphenoid

Zygomatic

Lacrimal

Frontal

Maxilla

Palatine

Back 9

Bones of the Orbital (7)

Front 10

Sinus

Back 10

- Air cavity that lightens anterior portion of skull

- Drain to nasal cavity

- Act as a chamber that adds resonance to voice

Front 11

Pseudostratified epithelium

Mucous Membrane

Back 11

What type of epithelium lines the membrane and what type of membrane lines the sinus?

Front 12

Frontal Sinus - Frontal Bone

Sphenoid Sinus - Sphenoid Bone

Ethmoid Sinus - Ethmoid Bone

Maxillary Sinus - Maxilla

Back 12

Types of Sinuses and Where they are found (4)

Front 13

Conchae Function

Back 13

- Curled Shelves of Bone

- Form 3 groove like air passages

- Inhaled air flows in a steady pattern

Front 14

Ethmoid Bone

- Superior Nasal Conchae

- Middle Nasal Conchae

Inferior Nasal Conchae

- 2 Separate Bones

Back 14

Locations of Conchae (2)

Front 15

Maxilla

Palatine Bone

Back 15

Bones that make up the hard palate (2)

Front 16

Mandible holds inferior teeth

Maxilla holds superior teeth

Back 16

Bones that hold the teeth (2)

Front 17

Hinge joint

Ball and Socket Joint

Pivot Joint

Gliding Joint

BP GH

Back 17

Moveable Joints (4)

Front 18

Atlas

Axis

Intervertebral discs

Curves of the spine

Back 18

Characteristic Features of the Vertebral Column (4)

Front 19

Cervical 7

Thoracic 12

Lumbar 5

Sacral (Includes Coccyx)

Back 19

Spinal Curves / Vertebral Regions

Front 20

Sacrum

Back 20

What does L5 form a joint with?

Front 21

Kyphotic Spine

Back 21

Hunchback

Exaggerated Thoracic Curce

Front 22

Lordosis

Back 22

Exaggerated lumbar curve

Front 23

Scoliosis

Back 23

S- Shaped Vertebrae viewed posteriorly

Front 24

Rib Cage

Back 24

- 12 pairs

- Posterior end attached to vertebral column

- True Ribs: Anterior end of ribs 1-7 attached to sternum via costal cartilage

- False Ribs: 8-10 attach to costal cartilage (hyaline cartilage) of rib 7. Ribs 11-12 don't attach to anything

- Floating Ribs: 11,12

Front 25

Pectoral Girdle

- Clavicle (Collarbone - part of appendicular)

- Scapula

Back 25

How are the axial and appendicular skeletons attached?

Front 26

Jugular Notch

Manubrium

Body of Sternum

Xiphoid Process

Back 26

Sternum Bone Components (3) from Anterior

Front 27

Clavica

Scapula

Arm & Hand Bones

Os Coxae (Hip Bone)

Leg & Foot Bones

COALS

Back 27

Appendicular Skeleton (5)

Front 28

Medial surface of clavicle makes joint with manubrium, lateral end of clavicle makes joint with scapula

Back 28

What bones does the clavicle joint with?

Front 29

Glenoid cavity

Back 29

What part of the scapula articulates with humerus?

Front 30

Humerus

Back 30

- Head (Proximal)

- Anatomical neck

- Greater and lesser tubercles and deltoid tuberosity

- Intertubercular groove holds biceps tendon

- Rounded capitulum articulates with radius

- Trochlea articulate with ulna

- Olecranon fossa holds olecranon process of ulna

- Forearm muscles attach to medial and lateral epicondyles

Front 31

Radius

Back 31

- Head: Disc rotates during pronation and supination

- Articulates with capitulum

- Radial tuberosity for biceps muscle

Front 32

Ulna

Back 32

- Olecranon and trochlear notch

- Radial notch holds radius

Front 33

Interosseous membrane

Back 33

- Ligaments attaches radius to ulna along this margin of each bone

Front 34

Scaphoid

Lunate

Triquetrum

Pisiform

Trapezium

Trapezoid

Capitate

Harnate

Scared lovers try positions that they can't handle.

Back 34

Carpal bones (8) (Anterior view)

Front 35

distal end of metacarpal bones.

Capitate

Back 35

The proximal end of proximal phalanx III makes a joint end with the

Front 36

Ischium

Back 36

Anatomy:

- Ischial tuberosity bears body weight

- Ischial spine

- Lesser sciatic notch between ischial spine and tuberosity

- Ischial ramus joins inferior pubic ramus

What bone are you are sitting down on?

Front 37

Pubic symphysis

Back 37

Fibrocartilage in between the two ischium.

Front 38

Intervertebral discs

Pubic symphysis between ischium

Knee joints

Back 38

Where is fibrocartilage found?

Front 39

Os Coxae

Back 39

Hip Bone is called

Front 40

Acetabulum

Back 40

Hip Joint Socket

- Joins with proximal end of femur

Front 41

Pubic Angle

Back 41

- This is less in males

- Lighter, shallowed in females (>100)

Front 42

Ilium

Back 42

Anatomy:

- iliac crest and iliac fossa

- greater sciatic notch contains sciatic nerve (long nerve for leg and foot)

The bones you touch when you put your hands on your hips

Front 43

Femur

Back 43

Anatomy:

- Nearly spherical head and constricted (Ligament to fovea capitis)

- Greater and lesser trochanters for muscle attachment

- Posterior ridge called linea aspera

- Medial and lateral condyles and epicondyles on distal end

Front 44

Proximal end of tibia

Proximal end of patella (triangular sesamoid)

Back 44

Distal end of femur forms joint end with (2)

Front 45

Tibia

Back 45

- Thick, weight bearing bone (medial)

- Broad superior head with 2 flat articular surfaces (medial and lateral condyles - articulates with those of femur)

- Roughened anterior surface palpated below patella (Tibial tuberosity)

- Distal expansion: Medial malleolus - articulates with talus of foot (superior trochlear surface)

Front 46

Proximal head of Fibula

Distal part of Femur

Back 46

Proximal part of Tibia forms joint end with

Front 47

Distal part of the tibia and fibula, the medial malleolus and lateral malleolus

Back 47

What makes up the bony projection on your ankle?

Front 48

Superior trochlea surface of Talus (The most superior tarsal bone)

Back 48

Distal end of tibia forms joint end with

Front 49

Fibula

Back 49

- Slender lateral strut stabilizes ankle

- Does not bear body weight - spare bone tissue

- Lateral malleolus: distal expansion

- Joined to tibia by interosseous membrane

Front 50

Tarsal Bones

Back 50

- Shaped and arranged differently from carpal bones due to load-bearing role of ankle

- Talus is most superior which forms ankle joint with tibia and fibula, sits upon calcaneus and articules with navicular

- Calcaneus forms heel (achilles tendon)

- Distal row of tarsal bones: cuboid, medial, intermediate and lateral cuneiforms

Front 51

Medial

Intermediate

Lateral

Cuboid

Navicular

Talus

Calcaneal

MILC Not Today Cow

Back 51

Tarsal Bones List

Front 52

Foramen (Foramina)

Back 52

Hole

Front 53

Condyle

Back 53

Joint forming surface

Front 54

Epicondyle

Back 54

Extensions above or below condyle

Front 55

Trochanter

Tubercle

Tuberosity

Back 55

Extensions and Bumps (3)

Front 56

Crest (Ilium - Iliac Crest)

Back 56

Ridge

Front 57

Meatus (Ear Canal)

Back 57

Tunnel (canal)

Front 58

Ramus (Branch of a bone)

Back 58

Branch

Front 59

Fossa (in Illium)

Back 59

Shallow indentation

Front 60

Process

Back 60

Extension (usually pointed)

Front 61

Spine

Back 61

Extension or outgrowth

Front 62

Distal end of the humerus

Back 62

The proximal end of the radius forms a joint with the

Front 63

Carpal bones

Back 63

Distal end of the radius forms a joint end with the

Front 64

Elbow Joint

Back 64

Example of hinge joint

Front 65

Ankles

Wrists

Back 65

Example of gliding joint (2)

Front 66

Atlas and axis of cervical vertebrae

Back 66

Example of pivot joint

Front 67

Hip

Back 67

Example of ball and socket joint

Front 68

Baby begins to hold up its head

Back 68

How does the cervical curvature form from the C-Curve of the spine of infants?

Front 69

Baby begins to sit and walk

Back 69

How does the lumbar curvature form from the C-Curve of the spine of infants?

Front 70

Thoracic curvature

Sacral Curvature

Back 70

What are the 2 remnants of the original C-curve of the spine of infants?

Front 71

Superior Articular Facet

Back 71

Skull articulates here at Occipital Condyle

- Part of C1 Atlas

- Allows "Yes" movement of head

Front 72

Dens

Back 72

Passes through vertebral foramen of C1 Atlas from C2 Axis

- Allows "No" movement of head

Front 73

Cervical Vertebrae Characteristics

Back 73

- Branched spinous Process points inferiorly

- Oval body that is wider side to side

- Vertebral foramen is large and generally triangular

- Each transverse process contains a transverse foramen through which vertebral arteries pass to service the brain

Front 74

Thoracic Vertebrae Characteristics

Back 74

- Vertebral foramen is circulae

- Spinous process is long and points sharply downwards

- The transverse processes have facets called transverse costal facets that articulate with the tubercles of ribs

- Allows spine rotation

Front 75

Lumbar Vertebrae Characteristics

Back 75

- Massive, kidney shaped bodies

- Short, flat, hatchet shaped spinous processes

- Triangular vertebral foramen

- Allow flexion and extension

Front 76

Nucleus Pulposus

Anulus Fibrosus (Fibrocartilage)

Back 76

2 Components of the Intervertebral Discs

Front 77

Intervertebral Disc Functions

Back 77

Functions:

- Help to support the weight of body and absorb shock

- Allow spine to flex and extend

- Account for about 25% of the height of the vertebral column

- Flatten somewhat during the day

Front 78

Herniated Disc

Back 78

- Involves rupture of anulus fibrosus followed by protrusion of spongy nucleus pulposus

- Disc degeneration - Prolapse - Extrusion - Sequestration