Chapter 7: Axial Skeleton

Front 1

Superciliary arches

Back 1

- brow ridges

Front 2

Glabella

Back 2

- superior to the nasal bones and between the orbit

Front 3

Left/Right Maxilla

Back 3

- form the most of the upper jaw and nasal cavity

Front 4

Mandible

Back 4

- forms lower jaw

Front 5

Mental Protuberance

Back 5

- chin

Front 6

Anterior Nasal Spine

Back 6

- inferior border of nose

Front 7

Inferior Nasal Conchae

Back 7

- along the lateral wall of nasal cavity scrolled shaped bones

Front 8

Coronal Suture

Back 8

- articulation between the frontal and parietal bone

Front 9

Saggital stuture

Back 9

- connects the left and right parietal bones almost exactly in the midline of the skull

Front 10

Lacrima Bone

Back 10

- connects with nasal bone anteriorly and with the ethmoid posteriorly

Front 11

Zygomatic Arch

Back 11

- temporal process of the zygomatic bone and zygomatic process of temporal bone

Front 12

Mandibular Fossa

Back 12

- where the zygomatic arc ends

Front 13

Hard Palate

Back 13

- formed by maxillae and palatine bone

Front 14

Sututres

Back 14

- immovable joints that form boundaries between cranial bones

- dnese regular connective tissue seals them

Front 15

Coronal Suture

Back 15

- extends across superior surface of the skull along the frontal bone

Front 16

Lamboid Suture

Back 16

- extends like an arc across the posterior suface of the skull

- articulates with the parietal bones and the occiptal bone

Front 17

Sagittal Suture

Back 17

- extends between the superior midline of the coronal and lamboid sutures

- the midline of the carnium W

Front 18

Squamos Sututer

Back 18

- on each side of skull it artculates the temporal bone and the parietal bone

Front 19

Sigmoid Sinus

Back 19

- runs along the inferior surface of the petrous region

- drains blood from the brain

Front 20

Mastoid Process

Back 20

- anchoring site for muscles that move the neck

Front 21

Mastoid Foramen

Back 21

- posterinferior surface of temporal bone

Front 22

Styloid process

Back 22

- thin pointed projectins that attaches several hyoid and tongue muscles

Front 23

Stylomastoid foramen

Back 23

- between the mastoid process and styloid process

Front 24

Carotid Canal

Back 24

- medial to stylid process and transmitts the interla acrotoid artery

Front 25

Spheniod Bone

Back 25

- unites the canial and facial bones and articulates with almost every bone of skull

Front 26

Ethmoid bone

Back 26

- postioned between the oribts

- forms the antermedial floor of the cranium roof of nasal cavity part of medial wall of orbit part of nasal septum

Front 27

Zygomatic Bones

Back 27

- cheeck bones

- form part of the oribit and cheeks

Front 28

Maxillary Process

Back 28

- articulates with the zygomatic process the maxille and fornatl proces which articulates with frontal bone

Front 29

Lacrima Bones

Back 29

- form part of the madial wall of each oribit

Front 30

Inferior Nasal Conchae

Back 30

- located in the inferiorlateral wall of nasal cavity

Front 31

Alveolar Process

Back 31

- house the upper teeth

Front 32

Intervertebrae Foramen

Back 32

- lateral opening between adjacent vertebrae

Front 33

Spinous Process

Back 33

- projects posteriorly from the left and right laminae

Front 34

Transverse process

Back 34

- lateral projection on both sides of the vertebrae arch

Front 35

Articular Process

Back 35

- on each vertebrae on superiro and inferior surfaces that project the jucntin between the pedicles and laminae

Front 36

Intervertebral disk

Back 36

- fibrocartilage pads that seperate adjacent vertbral

- act as a shock aborber and allow verterbral column to bend

Front 37

Cervical Vertebrae

Back 37

- most superiorly placed

- extend from the occipital bone to the thorax

- support only weight of head

- spinous process is reltively short

- transverse process of vertebrae are unique that they contain prominent round tranverse foramen

Front 38

Atlas

Back 38

- supports the head via articulations with occiptal condyles of occiptal bone

- lack body and spinous process

Front 39

Axis

Back 39

- atlas fuses to the axis

- fusion produces the prominent dens process

- dens acts as pivots for rotation of both atlas and the skull

Front 40

Thoracic Vertebrae

Back 40

- lack mobility due to articulation with ribs

- lack transverse foramen adn

- spinous process is relatively pointed and long

- distinguised by costal facests and costal demifacts on lateral side of body and side of trasnverse process

Front 41

Costal Facet

Back 41

- circular depression tht articualtes with the entire head or tubercle of rib with the transvers process

Front 42

Costal Demifacets

Back 42

- semicuricular depression that articulates with either the superior or inferior edge of the head of rib

Front 43

Lumbar Vertebrae

Back 43

- largest vertebrae, oval rather than heart shaped

- have no transvese foramina nor costal facets

- transverse process are thin and project dorsalterally

- spinous process is thick

- bear most weight of the body

- thick spinous process allow attachment site of msucles

Front 44

Sacrum

Back 44

- anteriorly curved triangle bone that forms the posterior wall of pelvic cavity

Front 45

Apex

Back 45

- narrow portion of bone that project inferiorly

Front 46

Base

Back 46

- superiro to apex

- composed of five fused sacral vertebrae

Front 47

Median Sacral Crest

Back 47

- posterior formed by fusion of the spinous process

Front 48

Coccyx

Back 48

- four small fused coccygeal vertebrae

- attachement site for several ligaments and some muscles

Front 49

Sternum

Back 49

- breast bone

- composed of three parts: manubrium, the body, and ther xiphoid process

Front 50

Manubrium

Back 50

- widest and most superiro portion

- two clavicular notches articulate sternum with left and right calvicle

- costal notch: ariculation for first ribs costal caritilage

Front 51

The body

Back 51

- longest part and forms the bulk

- sternal angle: where the manubrium and body articulate

Front 52

Xiphoid Process

Back 52

- small infeirorly pointed projection is cartillaginous

Front 53

Ribs

Back 53

- elongated, curved, flattend bones that orginate on or between thoracic vertebrae

Front 54

True Ribs

Back 54

- connect individually to the sternum by separate cartillaginous extensions

Front 55

False Ribs

Back 55

- costal cartilages do not attach directly to the sternum

Front 56

Floating Ribs

Back 56

- have no connectin to the sternum

Front 57

Head

Back 57

- where rib articulates with the vertebrae column

Front 58

Neck

Back 58

- lies between the head and tubercle

Front 59

Tubercle

Back 59

- has an articular facet for the costal facet

Front 60

Angle

Back 60

- Indicates where the tubular shaft begins curving anteriorly toward the sternum

Front 61

Costal Groove

Back 61

- marks path of the path of the nerves and blood vessels to the thoracic wall