Rn Toxicology: Chapter 10

Front 1

developmental toxicology

Back 1

the study of pharmacokinetics, mechanisms, pathogenesis, and outcome following exposure to agents or conditions potentially leading to abnormal development

Front 2

teratology

Back 2

the study of structural birth defects, a descriptive science

Front 3

teratogen

Back 3

a drug or other substance capable of interfering with the development of fetus, causing birth defects

Front 4

heart is most sensitive during _____ weeks

Back 4

3-5

Front 5

brain appears to be sensitive to teratogens from the beginning of ______ of pregnancy

Back 5

3 weeks to end

Front 6

the most ____ soluble compounds will pass through placenta to the embryo

Back 6

lipid

Front 7

thalidomide

Back 7

rare limb malformations; malformation happened 20-36 weeks after fertilization

Front 8

diethylsilbestrol

Back 8

synthetic nonsterodial estrogen; threatened miscarriage by stimulating synthesis of estrogen and progesterone in the placenta; causes clear cell adenocarcinoma

Front 9

ethanol

Back 9

causes Fetal Alcohol Syndrome which causes growth retardation; interferes with retinol metabolism (oxidation of retinol is crucial to development)

Front 10

tabacco smoke

Back 10

25% women still smoke during pregnancy; causes death, learning behavioral and attention disorders, and lower birth weight;CO increases carboxyhemoglobin in baby

Front 11

cocaine

Back 11

anesthetic with vasconstrictor properties; metabolized slowly in fetus; decrease birth weight, neuologica syndrome of abnormal sleep, tremor, poor feeding, irritability, and seizures

Front 12

lysergic acid diethylsmide (LSD)

Back 12

defects in limbs, eyes, CNS, and arthrogryposis (fixation of joints); damage may last up to two years but is sometimes transient

Front 13

retinods

Back 13

excess amount of Vitamin A; malformation of face, limbs, heart, nervous system, and skeleton

Front 14

valproic acid

Back 14

controls seizures; increases toxicity including birth defects, cognitive impairment, and fetal death

Front 15

angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor antagonist

Back 15

controller of blood pressure; causes oligohydramnios, fetal growth retardation, pulumonary hypoplasia, joint contractures, hypocalvaria, neonatal renal failure, hypotension, and death

Front 16

fetal warfarin syndrome

Back 16

rare condition as a result of fetal exposure to maternal ingestion of warfarin during pregnancy; causes facial dysmorphism

Front 17

tetracycline

Back 17

antibiotic fights infection caused by bacteria; used instead of penicillin; causes discoloration of the teeth and enamel

Front 18

mercury

Back 18

organic form is more toxic than inorganic; softens visual cortex and other areas of brain

Front 19

zika virus

Back 19

disease carried my mosquitoes; abnormally small head