A&p: Integument (Ch. 5) - Online Chapter Test

Front 1

The two layers of the cutaneous membrane (skin) are the

Back 1

dermis and epidermis

Front 2

The most superficial layer of the epidermis is the

Back 2

stratum corneum

Front 3

The subcutaneous layer that separates the integument from the deep fascia around other organs is the

Back 3

hypodermis

Front 4

Which epidermal layer is only found in thick skin?

Back 4

stratum lucidum

Front 5

The secretion that lubricates and inhibits growth of bacteria on the skin is called:

Back 5

sebum

Front 6

The layers of the epidermis, beginning with the deepest layer and proceeding outward, include the strata

(Disregard stratum lucidum.)

Back 6

germinativum, spinosum, granulosum, corneum

Front 7

The layers of the epidermis where mitotic divisions occur are

Back 7

germinativum and spinosum

Note: Germinate means to 'produce'.

Front 8

For a cell to move from the stratum germinativum to the stratum corneum, it takes approximately how many days?

Back 8

15-30 days

Front 9

Epidermal cells in the strata spinosum and germinativum function as a chemical factory in that they can convert

Back 9

steroid precursors to vitamin D when exposed to sunlight

Front 10

Differences in skin color among individuals are the result of

Back 10

the different levels of synthetic activity in the melanocytes

Front 11

The two basic factors interacting to produce skin color are

Back 11

circulatory supply and pigment concentration and composition

Front 12

Skin exposure to small amounts of ultraviolet radiation serves to

Back 12

convert a steroid related to cholesterol into vitamin D

Front 13

Special smooth muscles in the dermis that, when contracted, produce "goose bumps" are called

Back 13

arrector pili

Front 14

The primary tissues composing the subcutaneous layer are

Back 14

areolar and adipose

Front 15

The reason the hypodermis is useful for subcutaneous injection by hypodermic needle is that it has a

Back 15

limited number of capillaries and no vital organs

Front 16

An important function of the subcutaneous layer is to:

Back 16

stabilize the position of the skin in relation to underlying tissues

Front 17

Hair production occurs in the:

Back 17

reticular layers of the dermis

Front 18

Except for red hair, the natural factor responsible for varying shades of hair color is the:

Back 18

type of pigment present

Front 19

Accessory structures of the skin include the:

Back 19

hair follicles and the sebaceous and sweat glands

Front 20

Sensible perspiration released by the eccrine sweat glands serves to:

A) reduce body temperature
B) cool the surface of the skin
C) dilute harmful chemicals
D) all of the above

Back 20

D) all of the above

Front 21

When the body temperature becomes abnormally high, thermoregulatory homeostasis is maintained by:

Back 21

an increase in sweat gland activity and an increase in blood flow to the skin

Front 22

Nail production occurs at an epithelial fold not visible from the surface called the:

Back 22

nail root

Front 23

Which of the following statements describes the immediate response by the skin to an injury?

Back 23

Bleeding occurs, and mast cells trigger an inflammatory response.

Front 24

The practical limit to the healing process of the skin is the formation of inflexible, fibrous, noncellular:

Back 24

scar tissue

Front 25

Hair turns gray or white because of:

Back 25

decreased melanocyte activity

Front 26

Sagging and wrinkling of the integument occurs from:

Back 26

a decrease in the elastic fiber network of the dermis

Front 27

When ruptured dermal blood vessels leak into the dermis, a ________ may form.

Back 27

bruise

Front 28

What is the name of the pale, crescent-shaped area near the root of the nail?

Back 28

lunula

Note: Luna is the Goddess of the Moon and the lunula is crescent-shaped.

Front 29

Psoriasis is a skin disorder in which there is abnormal increased mitotic activity in the:

Back 29

stratum germinativum

Front 30

Third-degree burns differ from first and second-degree burns in that:

Back 30

the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis are destroyed

Front 31

What condition causes inflammation in the papillary layer when a part of the skin is exposed to infection or an irritant?

Back 31

dermatitis

Note: -itis means inflammation.

Front 32

Because freshwater is hypotonic to body fluids, sitting in a freshwater bath causes:

Back 32

water to enter the epidermis and cause the epithelial cells to swell

Front 33

Malignant melanomas are extremely dangerous and life threatening because:

Back 33

the melanocytes grow rapidly and metastasize through the lymphatic system

Front 34

The core of a hair is called the:

Back 34

medulla

Note: Medulla means 'central', it relates to the 'core' of the organ.

Front 35

Ceruminous glands are modified sweat glands located in the:

Back 35

external auditory canal

Front 36

Yellow fingernails are indicated in patients who have:

A) thyroid gland disorders
B) chronic respiratory disorders
C) AIDS
E) all of the above

Back 36

E) all of the above

Front 37

Where can you find an apocrine sweat gland?

A) armpits, nipples, and pubic region
B) palms of hands and soles of feet
C) on top of the head
D) all over the body

Back 37

A) armpits, nipples, and pubic region

Front 38

The body of the nail:

A) is covered by the cuticle
B) is beneath the hypochondrium
C) consists of dead, tightly compacted cells
D) is not affected by diseases

Back 38

C) consists of dead, tightly compacted cells

Front 39

Lines of cleavage are clinically significant because:

Back 39

a cut parallel to a cleavage line will remain closed

Front 40

Which of the following functions is NOT associated with the skin?

Back 40

synthesis of B vitamins

Front 41

Sebaceous glands release which type of secretion?

Back 41

sebum

Front 42

Benign tumors that usually occur in the dermis are called:

Back 42

hemangiomas

Front 43

A thick, flattened mass of scar tissue that grows into the tissue around an injury site is called a:

Back 43

keloid

Front 44

Increased damage and infection associated with age is caused by a decrease in the number of:

Back 44

Langerhans cells

Front 45

The peptide that is secreted by the pituitary gland and increases the rate of melanin production is:

Back 45

MSH, melanocyte-stimulating hormone

Front 46

When the skin is deprived of blood flow and oxygen, it takes on a bluish coloration called:

Back 46

cyanosis

Note: Cyan is a shade of blue.

Front 47

A hair at the end of the growth cycle is called:

Back 47

club hair

Front 48

Excessive exposure of the skin to ultraviolet radiation may cause redness, edema, blisters, and pain.

The presence of blisters classifies the burn as:

Back 48

second degree

Front 49

Which of the following can you find within the dermis?

A) blood vessels
B) lymphatics
C) nerve fibers
D) all of the above

Back 49

D) all of the above

Front 50

The two layers of the dermis are:

Back 50

papillary and reticular layers