Artery

system should begin to function abnormally, it can throw off the body's entire homeostasis, or steady state. The cardiovascular systems distributes oxygen rich blood from the lungs to all of the body's organs and tissues by its heart pump and many arteries and veins. Cells throughout absorb what oxygen and nutrients are needed and then dispose of any carbon dioxide and waste which then flow back to the heart's right chambers and on to the lungs to be exchanged for more oxygen. As you inhale,…

characterized by a remodeling of arteries leading to sub endothelial accumulation of fatty substances called plaques. The buildup of an athermanous plaque is a slow process, developed over a period of several years through a complex series of cellular events occurring within the arterial wall and in response to a variety of local vascular circulating factors. One recent hypothesis , leukocyte, such as momocyte or basophile start on to attack the endothelium of the artery lumen in cardiac…

will increase the pulse pressure. But in some cases, there’s a condition where the pulse pressure is high even at rest condition. In this case, something is not right with the heart condition. This condition may be due to the stiffness of the major arteries. An example is atherosclerosis (hardening of blood vessel’s wall). CONCLUSION The major determinant of the pulse pressure is the aortic compliance and also the stroke volume. The aortic compliance is the ability of the aorta to expand once…

Introduction: High-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays have provided a significant contribution for the early diagnosis of cardiovascular events due to their ability to detect lower concentrations of troponin levels more rapidly. There is significant evidence about the association between the absolute value of elevated cardiac troponin levels with the prognosis of patients with chest pain (3). However, it is well-known that elevated cardiac troponin levels may occur in situations other than…

ventricular muscle must overcome to eject blood. There is an inverse relationship between afterload and stroke volume. Factors that affect afterload include age due to stiffness and less contraction of the muscular arteries, increase of blood pressure and constriction of the arteries. The heart simply ejects all of the extra blood that filled it. However, increased in stroke volume leads to an increase in cardiac output and arterial pressure therefore the afterload of ventricles increases, over…

lungs. The network of blood vessels that branch over the surface of the heart are the coronary arteries. Figure 1 outlines the coronary arteries on the heart which supply the cardiac muscles with nutrients such as oxygen and glucose needed to survive [1]. Like any organ in the human body, the heart needs a constant supply of blood. Over time, fatty deposits can build up and form an atheroma on the artery lining. An atheroma is a hardened plaque caused by accumulated fatty deposits and scar…

complications. Tracey Bowden, senior professor at City University London and contributor to the British Journal of Cardiac Nursing explains, “Cardiac catheterization is the process of accessing the heart by inserting a catheter through the skin into an artery and/or vein via an introducer sheath, and threading it up to the heart” (Bowden, 2009, p. 776). Cardiac catheterization allows for optimal imaging of coronary vessels and allows for assessment of cardiac valve function. A patient…

this presentation, it is important for you to understand a few important terms. Plaque is a sticky material containing fat, cholesterol, and calcium An artery is a tube that carries blood from the heart to the entire body Atherosclerosis is a uncommon disease defined by a buildup of plaque within arteries that can eventually completely block an artery. The disease can become very serious. Atherosclerosis can lead to many…

thebuildup of fats or other deposits in blood vessels of the blood circulatory system. Substances such as tar from cigarettes can also coagulate in the arteries and cause heart failure. A person suffering from coronary heart disease will find the earliest indication in a form of acute chest pain and this is usually referred to as angina (Coronary artery disease, n.d.) This is because the heart has stopped functioning and the body reacts to this problem by increasing electrical pulses to the…

Peripheral Arterial Disease, also PAD, narrows arteries in the legs, limiting blood flow to the muscles. Poor circulation can cause pain in a person’s legs or feet when the muscles are at work, like in exercise. Other terminology for this disease can include: Atherosclerotic, claudication, hardening of the arteries, leg cramps from poor circulation, and Peripheral Vascular Disease. This disease usually occurs in older persons, mostly with a history of smoking or diabetes. As a study from the…