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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Desccribe the BORDERS of the axilla |
* Superior Wall (apex) * Inferior Wall (base) * Medial Wall * Lateral Wall * Anterior Wall * Posterior Wall
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Superior Wall (apex) consists of?
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- Clavicle - Scapula - 1st rib
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Inferior Wall (base) consists of?
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axillary skin and fascia at the lower borders of the pectoralis major and the teres major/ latissimus dorsi (LPT) |
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Anterior Wall consists of? |
Pectoralis major & minor muscles |
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Posterior Wall consists of? |
- Subscapularis muscle - Teres major - Latissimus dorsi |
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Medial Wall consists of? |
Serratus anterior |
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Lateral Wall consists of? |
Humerus (intertubercular groove) |
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Contents of the axilla |
- Axillary Artery - Axillary Vein - Brachial Plexus (terminal branches) - Axillary Lymph Nodes - Tendons of the biceps brachii - Coracobrachialis muscles |
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What are the main branches from the subclavian artery? |
Branches of subclavian a. include: (mneumonic – VIT C & D) ! * Vertebral A. ! * Internal Thoracic (mammary) A. ! * Thyrocervical Trunk: • Suprascapular a., ascending cervical a., inferior thyroid a.,transverse cervical a. ! * Costocervical Trunk ! * Dorsal Scapular A. (often a branch of subclavian a. however it some cases it may arise from the transverse cervical a.) |
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What structures do the subclavian artery supply? |
Provides blood supply to the neck and thoracic wall |
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Locations of 3 segments of the axillary artery |
Axillary artery = Continuation of the SUBCLAVIAN A. Divided into thirds - Use pectoralis minor muscle as landmark o Proximal 1/3: Above superior border of pectoralis minor ! o Middle 1/3: lies posterior or deep to pectoralis minor! o Distal 1/3: Lies below inferior border of pectoralis minor ! |
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What are the branches of FIRST PART of the axillary artery? Describe their course in the axilla |
Superior thoracic artery Course: supplies the first and second posterior intercostalspace |
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What are the branches of SECOND PART of the axillary artery? Describe their course in the axilla |
Thoracoacromial trunk: acromial, deltoid and pectoral branches! Lateral thoracic a. (supplies lateral thoracic wall including Serratus anterior-which is on the medial wall of the axilla) |
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What are the branches of THIRD PART of the axillary artery? Describe their course in the axilla |
* Subscapular A. a. Thoracodorsal a. b. Circumflex scapular * Anterior circumflex humeral a. (A. Cx) * Posterior circumflex humeral a.(P. Cx) |
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Axillary artery - describe its beginning to its termination |
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Describe the deep drainage of the upper limb |
o AXILLARY V. drains the shoulder, arm, forearm and hand o SUBCLAVIAN V. – the continuation of the axillary v. also receives drainage of the scapular region. |
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Characteristics of VENOUS DRAINAGE OF THE SHOULDER - AXILLARY VEIN |
-Veins of the limbs often form anastomoses that surround the artery(s) they accompany. -Unidirectional valves prevent pooling of blood in extremities - Superficial veins: Basilic v., Cephalic v. and Median Cubital v. - Deep veins: accompany major arteries |
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How is the pooling of venous blood in the limbs prevented? |
-Unidirectional valves prevent pooling of blood in extremities |
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VENOUS DRAINAGE OF THE SHOULDER - AXILLARY VEIN - Name the superficial veins |
Superficial veins: * Basilic v. * Cephalic v. * Median Cubital v. |
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LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE - these vessels often accompany which veins of the shoulder? |
The superficial system => Lymphatic vessels of the upper limb often accompany veins of the superficial system |
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Which lymph nodes are responsible for lymphatic drainage of the upper limb? |
Axillary lymph nodes |
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LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE of the upper limbs - identify and localize nodes of the Axillary lymph nodes |
There are some 15 to 20 nodes usually arranged into to five groups. The groups consist of: - A pectoral (anterior) - L lateral - P posterior - C central - Ap apical ----------------------------------- Lower Axillary Nodes: lateral and deep to pectoralis minor - Pectoral Nodes (P) - Subscapular Nodes (S) - Humeral Nodes (H) - Central Nodes (C) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- o Upper Axillary Nodes - Apical Nodes (A) |
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What are subclavian lymph trunks? |
Apical Node (of the upper axillary nodes) ↓ unite to form Subclavian lymph trunks ↓ drain into Right and left venous angles (right lymphatic trunk and thoracic duct) |
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Tell the way of the lymphatic drainage of the upper limb |
- Pectoral Nodes (P) - Subscapular Nodes (S) - Humeral Nodes (H) - Central Nodes (C) - Apical Nodes (A) |
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Describe the divisions of the brachial plexus |
* Roots (5) * Trunks (3) * Divisions (6) * Cords (3) * Terminal Branches (5) |
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What are the roots (5) of the brachial plexus? |
Anterior rami of C5-T1 |
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Where are the Dorsal scapular nerve & Long thoracic nerve? |
They're from the ROOTS of the brachial plexus *Dorsal scapular nerve: C5 *Long thoracic nerve: C5-7 |
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What are the trunks (3) of the brachial plexus? To which roots they're connected? |
1. Superior (C5-6) 2. Middle (C7) 3. Inferior (C8-T1) |
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Where are the Suprascapular nerve (C5-6) & Nerve to subclavius (C5-6)? |
They're from TRUNKS of the brachial plexus o Suprascapular n. (C5-6) o Nerve to subclavius (C5-6) |
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What are the divisions (6) of the brachial plexus? To which roots+ trunks they're connected? |
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What are the cords (3) of the brachial plexus? To which roots+ trunks they're connected? |
1. lateral cord (C5-7) 2. medial cord (C8-T1) 3. posterior cord (C5-T1) |
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Where are the: 1. lateral pectoral n. 2. upper and lower subscapular n., thoracodorsal n 3. medial pectoral n., medial cutaneous to the arm and forearm (brachial and antebrachial) ns. ? |
They're all from the CORDS of the Brachial Plexus 1. lateral pectoral n => FROM LATERAL CORD. 2. upper and lower subscapular n., thoracodorsal n => FROM POSTERIOR CORD 3. medial pectoral n., medial cutaneous to the arm and forearm (brachial and antebrachial) ns.=> FROM MEDIAL CORD NB: they're NOT terminal branches of the Brachial Plexus (see cmap for details) |
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What are the terminal branches (5) of the brachial plexus? To which roots+ trunks they're connected? |
o Musculocutaneous N. (C5-7): from lateral cord o Ulnar N. (C8-T1): from medial cord o Median N. (C5-T1): from lateral and medial cords o Axillary N. (C5-C6): from posterior cord o Radial N. (C5-T1): from posterior cord |
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Mneumonic for break-down of brachial plexus |
"Real Thirsty? Drink Cold Beer" --- Roots Trunks Divisions Cords Terminal Branches |
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MEDIAL CORD vs MEDIAL NERVE - Difference between those 2 |
see cmap "Brachial plexus" |
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How to draw Brachial plexus (important!) |
See pdf "How to draw Brachial plexus" |
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Roots, trunks and divisions - where are they located? |
Above the clavicle in the neck (supraclavicular) |
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Cords - where are they located? |
AT the level of the clavicle |
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Terminal branches - where are they located? |
Inferior to the clavicle (infraclavicular) |
