Texes Social Studies 7-12: Domain 2

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Mayflower Compact?

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Groups of people constituted the main source of labor for the Chesapeake colonies before 1660?

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Indentured servants were the main source of labor in the Chesapeake colonies before 1660. Indentured servants were typically people who wished to emigrate but who could not afford to pay for the voyage to Virginia. People in this situation often agreed to work for a landowner for a fixed term (usually seven years) in return for the cost of their passage. After 1660, laws were put into place that defined slavery by race and as a lifelong status, greatly decreasing the need to rely on indentured servants.

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The establishment of the House of Burgesses in 1619 was significant because it was the first

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The House of Burgesses was the first assembly of elected representatives of English colonists in North America. The first meeting was held in Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619 as part of an effort to make conditions in the colony more agreeable for the inhabitants.

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Foundations of Revolutionary Era

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Much happened between the years of 1763 and 1776. The colonists felt unfairly taxed, watched over like children, and ignored in their attempts to address grievances. Religious issues rose to the surface, political ideals crystallized, and, as always, economics were the essence of many debates.

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The Iroquois Confederacy

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Technically speaking, "Iroquois" refers to a language rather than a particular tribe. In fact, the Iroquois consisted of five tribes prior to European colonization. Their society serves as an outstanding example of political and military organization, complex lifestyle, and an elevated role of women. The Iroquois society proved to be the most persistent military threat the European settlers would face. Although conquest and treaty forced them to cede much of their land, their legacy lingers. Some historians even attribute some aspects of the structure of our own Constitution to Iroquois ideas. In fact, one of America's greatest admirers of the Iroquois was none other than Benjamin Franklin

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The British government issued the Proclamation of 1763 primarily as a way to

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The Proclamation of 1763 was issued at the end of the French and Indian war and forbade colonists from settling past the Appalachian Mountains. The main purpose of the proclamation was to stabilize relations with American Indians through regulation of trade, settlement and land purchases on the western frontier.

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In agreeing to the Three-Fifths Compromise at the Constitutional Convention, the framers delayed reaching a clear solution to which of the following issues?

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The Three-Fifths Compromise was a compromise between representatives of northern and southern states at the Constitutional Convention. According to the agreement, each slave was to be counted as three-fifths of a person for purposes of calculating population and apportionment in the House of Representatives. The compromise delayed dealing with the future of slavery because it implicitly recognized the existence of slavery and it also increased the power of the slave states, but it did not definitively establish the legality of slavery in national law.

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Free Society! We sicken at the name. What is it but a conglomeration of greasy mechanics, filthy operatives, small-fisted farmers, and moon-struck theorists? . . . The prevailing class one meets [with in the North] is that of mechanics struggling to be genteel, and small farmers who do their own drudgery; and yet are hardly fit for association with a southern gentleman’s body servant.

The newspaper article quoted above could best be used to illustrate which aspect of American life in the late 1850s?

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The excerpt from a Georgia newspaper in 1856 exemplifies increasing sectional tension over the issue of slavery versus free labor in the 1850s. It also highlights cultural differences about ideas on class between the North and the South.

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Which of the following developments during the Reconstruction period after the Civil War demonstrated an effort to counteract the reforms of Radical Republicans?

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Black Codes were state laws passed in the South after the Civil War that limited the civil rights and liberties of African Americans. Radical Republicans were in favor of the expansion of rights for African Americans.

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A major goal of Progressive Era reformers such as Jane Addams and Jacob Riis was to overcome the

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The Progressive Era was a period of social activism and political reform from the 1890s to the 1920s in the United States. Reformers were committed to addressing the waste, inefficiency, corruption and increasing disparities in wealth inherited from the Gilded Age.

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Which of the following was a significant objection raised by members of the United States Senate to joining the League of Nations after World War I?

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In 1918 the United States Senate was concerned that Article 10 of the League Covenant might be used to commit American troops to war without congressional approval, and there was a general opposition to any American involvement in European affairs.

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What was the purpose of the G.I. Bill of Rights passed by Congress in 1944?

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The G.I. Bill of Rights established a number of benefits for veterans, including tuition for college and subsidies for home mortgages. The bill was passed to allay concerns that returning soldiers would face poor prospects as the wartime economy shifted to peacetime production. The G.I. Bill of Rights enabled millions of veterans to obtain higher education and to become homeowners, boosting the United States economy significantly in the postwar years.

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Which of the following was a notable foreign policy success of President Richard Nixon’s administration?

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Nixon’s 1972 visit to China marked the first time a United States president had visited the People’s Republic of China. The result of the meeting was an important diplomatic document known as the Shanghai Communiqué, which stated that it was in the interest of all nations for China and the United States to work toward the normalization of their relationship.

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Mercantilism

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belief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism.

*

historical

the economic theory that trade generates wealth and is stimulated by the accumulation of profitable balances, which a government should encourage by means of protectionism.

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Articles of Confederation

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The Articles of Confederation was the first written constitution of the United States. Stemming from wartime urgency, its progress was slowed by fears of central authority and extensive land claims by states before was it was ratified on March 1, 1781.

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English Navigation Acts

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The English Navigation Acts, which were passed in the 17th and 18th centuries, restricted foreign trade by England's colonies to force colonial trade to favor England and stop colonial trade with the Netherlands, France, and other European countries.

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Lexington and Concord

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Ready to fight at a moment's notice, minutemen began fighting early in the American Revolution. Their efforts at Lexington and Concord inspired many patriots to take up arms against Britain.

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Winter at Valley Forge

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American spirits reached a low point during the harsh winter of 1777-78

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Treaty of Paris of 1783

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The Treaty of Paris of 1783, negotiated between the United States and Great Britain, ended the revolutionary war and recognized American independence. The Continental Congress named a five-member commission to negotiate a treaty–John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, and Henry Laurens.

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Royal Proclamation of 1763

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After Britain won the Seven Years' War and gained land in North America, it issued the Royal Proclamation of 1763, which prohibited American colonists from settling west of Appalachia

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Federalists

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The supporters of the proposed Constitution called themselves "Federalists." Their adopted name implied a commitment to a loose, decentralized system of government. In many respects "federalism" — which implies a strong central government — was the opposite of the proposed plan that they supported. A more accurate name for the supporters of the Constitution would have been "nationalists."

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Antifederalists

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The Antifederalists were a diverse coalition of people who opposed ratification of the Constitution. Although less well organized than the Federalists, they also had an impressive group of leaders who were especially prominent in state politics

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Democratic-Republican Party

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of or relating to a major American political party of the early 19th century favoring a strict interpretation of the Constitution to restrict the powers of the federal government and emphasizing states' rights

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Jacksonian Democracy

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Jacksonian democracy is the political movement during the Second Party System toward greater democracy for the common man symbolized by American politician Andrew Jackson and his supporters.

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Whigs

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a member or supporter of a major British political group of the late 17th through early 19th centuries seeking to limit the royal authority and increase parliamentary power — compare tory.

An American favoring independence from Great Britain during the American Revolution.

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Emancipation Proclamation

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President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, as the nation approached its third year of bloody civil war. The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free."

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Imperialism

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Rule by an Emperor

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The Fourteen Points

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Fourteen goals of the United States in the peace negotiations after World War I. President Woodrow Wilson announced the Fourteen Points to Congress in early 1918

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Isolationism

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a policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries

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Alfred Thayer Mahan

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In 1890, Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan, a lecturer in naval history and the president of the United States Naval War College, published The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660–1783, a revolutionary analysis of the importance of naval power as a factor in the rise of the British Empire