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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Social Perception
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The study of how we form impressions of and make inferences about other people
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Nonverbal Communication
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The way in which people communicate, intentionally or unintentionally, with out words; nonverbal cues include facial expressions, tone of voice, gestures, body position and movement, the use of touch, and gaze
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Encode
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To express or emit nonverbal behavior, such as smiling or patting someone on the back
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Decode
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To interpret the meaning of the nonverbal behavior other people express, such as deciding that a pat on the back was an expression of condescension and not kindness
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Affect Blend
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A facial expression in which one part of the face registers one emotion while another part of the face registers a different emotion
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Display Rules
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Culturally determined rules about which nonverbal behaviors are appropriate to display
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Emblems
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Nonverbal gestures that have well-understood definitions within a given culture; they usually have direct verbal translation, such as the “OK” sign
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Social Role Theory
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The theory that sex differences in social behavior are due to society’s division of labor between the sexes; this division leads to differences in gender- role expectations and sex- typed skills, both of which are responsible for differences in men’s and women’s social behavior
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Implicit Personality Theory
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A type of schema people use to group various kinds of personality traits together; for example, many people believe that someone who is kind is generous as well
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Attribution Theory
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A description of the way in which people explain the cause of their own and other people’s behavior
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Internal Attribution
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The inferences that a person is behaving in a certain way because of something about the person, such as attitude, character, or personality
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External Attribution
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The inference that a person is behaving a certain way because of something about the situation he or she is in; the assumption si that most people would respond the same way in that situation
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Covaration Model
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A theory that states that to form an attribution about what caused a person’s behavior, we systematically note the pattern between the presence or absence or possible causal factors and whether or not the behavior occurs
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Consensus Information
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Information about the extent to which other people behave the same way toward the same stimulus as the actor does
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Distinctiveness Information
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Information about the extent to which one particular actor behaves in the same way to different stimuli
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Consistency Information
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Information about the extent to which the behavior between one actor and one stimulus is the same across time and circumstances
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Correspondence Bias
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The tendency to infer that people’s behavior corresponds to (matches) their disposition (personality)
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Perceptual Salience
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The seeming importance of information that is the focus of people’s attention
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Two-Step Process of Attribution
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Analyzing another person’s behavior first by making an automatic internal attribution and only then thinking about possible situational reasons for the behavior, after which one may adjust the original internal attribution
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Spotlight Effect
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The tendency to overestimate the extent to which our actions and appearance are salient to others
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Actor/ Observer Differences
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The tendency to see other people’s behavior as dispositionally caused but focusing more on the role of situational factors when explaining one’s own behavior
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Self-Serving Attributions
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Explanations for one’s successes that credit internal, dispositional factors and explanations for one’s failures that blame external, situational factors
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Defensive Attributions
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Explanations for behavior that avoid feelings of vulnerability and mortality
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Unrealistic Optimism
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A form of defensive attributions wherein people think that good things are more likely to happen to them than to their peers and that bad things are less likely to happen to then than to their peers
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Belief in a Just World
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A form of defensive attribution wherein people assume that bad things happen to bad people and that good things happen to good people
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