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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What statements explain the alkalemia that develops at high altitudes? |
-Lack of oxygen at high altitudes creates a chemical stimulus for ventilation -Increased ventilation drives the PACO2 and PaCO2 below 40MMHG. - Low PACO2 lowers the blood H2C03 concentration |
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What statements are true of dissolved CO2? |
-The rate of reaction between C02 and H20 in the plasma is quite slow. -The amount of C02 carried as H2C03 in the plasma is quite small. -The amount of H2C03 in the plasma is a major determinant of the blood's H+. |
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What statements are true of CO2? |
-Most CO2 diffusing into their blood from tissue cells enters the erythrocyte. -The rate of reaction between C02 and H20 in the RBC is quite fast. |
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What is the best explanation for the chloride shift? |
HCO3 diffuses out of the RBC and leaves the cell electropositive. |
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What is the average amount of C02 produced by the body at rest? |
200 mL/min |
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What is the average tissue blood CO2 gradient? |
6 mmhg |
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Although C02 is technically not an acid, what is the reason for CO2 being conceptualized as though it were an acid? |
Its immediate formation of H2C03 and physiological fluids |
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During heavy exercise, ______ Normally increases such that it eliminates ______ at a rate proportional to its production; this maintains the PACO2 near ______ MMHG and thus maintains normal blood acid (H2C03) levels. |
During heavy exercise, __Va__ Normally increases such that it eliminates _CO2__ at a rate proportional to its production; this maintains the PACO2 near __40__ MMHG and thus maintains normal blood acid (H2C03) levels. |
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What are the 3 major forms of carbon dioxide transport? |
-Dissolved C02 in plasma -Plasma Bicarb -Protein Compounds |
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During cardiac resuscitation a 60 year old man receives sodium bicarbonate for a profound metabolic acidosis. Why should the respiratory therapist increase ventilation at this point? |
To eliminate the additional C02 generated by lactic acid buffering |
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The affinity of hemoglobin for C02 is greater when it is not combined with oxygen. What is the name of this phenomenon? |
Haldane effect |
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What is the significance of this straight CO2 equilibrium curve versus the sigmoid-shape HBO2 curve? |
A change in alveolar ventilation is much more effective in changing arterial C02 content than 02 content |
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What is the approximate percentage of dissolved CO to? |
8% |
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What is the approximate percentage of CO2 transported as HCO3? |
80% |
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Indicate whether each of the following statements occurs during hyperventilation (hypo) or hypoventilation(hyper).
1.Alveolar PaCO2 increases 2.HCO3 increases 3.Dissolved CO2 increases 4.Plasma CO2 increases 5.Plasma PaCO2 decreases 6.Right shifted hydration reaction 7.Left shifted hydration reaction |
1.Alveolar PaCO2 increases HYPO 2.HCO3 increases HYPO 3.Dissolved CO2 increases HYPO 4.Plasma CO2 increases HYPO 5.Plasma PaCO2 decreases HYPER 6.Right shifted hydration reaction HYPO 7.Left shifted hydration reaction HYPER |
