Psychology Test Chapters 4, 5, And 6

Front 1

Which reinforcement is most resistant to extinction?

Back 1

Partial Reinforcement

Front 2

Which Schedule is based on a specified number of desired responses

Back 2

Ratio Schedule

Front 3

What Partial Reinforcement Schedule is Based on Time?

Back 3

Interval Schedules

Front 4

If a rat receives reinforcement once every 10th bar press it is on a

Back 4

Fixed ratio Schedule

Front 5

Which intervals produce a scalloped pattern on the graph of cumulative responses?

Back 5

Fixed Interval Schedules

Front 6

If you took a study break after approximately an hour of studying, but sometimes after 45 minutes, sometimes after an hour and 15 minutes, sometimes after half an hour, sometimes after an hour and a half, the average would be every hour, and so you would be on a variable interval 60-minute schedule.
Called

Back 6

Variable Interval Schedule

Front 7

If a rat receives a pellet once every 10 min. then it is on a?

Back 7

Fixed Interval Schedule

Hint 7

every 10 minutes.

Front 8

What is often called the “gambling reinforcement schedule?

Back 8

Variable Ratio Schedule

Front 9

What Method decreases the chance that a behavior will occur?

Back 9

Punishment

Hint 9

I spank you because you swear, you decrease the amount that you swear

Front 10

What Increases the Chances of a behavior occurring?

Back 10

Positive and negative reinforcement

Hint 10

I give you candy when you behave, you behave more often
I shock you every time you press the wrong bar, you begin to press the right bar

Front 11

Which law say marks that are near one another tend to be grouped together

Back 11

Gestalt Law of Proximity

Hint 11

we see XX XX as two groups and we see XX XX XX as three groups

Front 12

What law do we group things that fall along a smooth curve or a straight line together

Back 12

Law of Continuity

Hint 12

we see _ _ _ as a single line

Front 13

In which laws do we tend to close gaps ?

Back 13

Law of Closure

Front 14

Law that says that a single shape is grouped together?

Back 14

Good form

Front 15

What is it called when the items you see look the same even though the sensory images striking the eyes may change?

Back 15

Perceptual constancy

Front 16

When you see an object as the same size even when it is at different distances, so that its image has different sizes

Back 16

Size Constancy

Front 17

Colors remain the same even when the light changes?

Back 17

Color constancy

Front 18

When an objects shape looks the same from different angles?

Back 18

Shape Constancy

Front 19

What do you call the difference between the images on 2 eyes?

Back 19

Retinal Disparity

Front 20

Texture gradient is what type of cue?

Back 20

Monocular cue

Front 21

What is the name of the senses that perceive the body and its position in space (kinesthetic sense, vestibular sense, tuch, temperature sensitivity etc. called?

Back 21

Somasthetic Senses

Front 22

what is a sense of balance?

Back 22

Vestibular Sense

Front 23

Awareness of where the limbs are and how they move

Back 23

Kinesthetic Sense

Front 24

Which two specializes cells have kinesthetic sense?

Back 24

Tendons (the material that connects muscles to bones)
Muscles

Front 25

The inner ear is used for hearing and?

Back 25

balance

Front 26

What’s your body’s largest organ?

Back 26

the skin

Front 27

Inability to feel pain is worse then the inability to ?

Back 27

Smell Odors

Front 28

What is the name for The number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time

Back 28

Frequency

Front 29

contains the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs.

Back 29

Inner ear

Front 30

___ refers to the height of the peaks in a light wave.

Back 30

Amplitude

Front 31

Your ___ is (are) a sheet of tissue at the back of your eye.

Back 31

Retina

Front 32

___ refers to how deep a color appears.

Back 32

Saturation

Front 33

___ allows you to pick out a particular characteristic, object, or event.

Back 33

Selective Attention

Front 34

Theory that different colors can inhibit perception of other colors

Back 34

Opponent Process Theory

Front 35

Variations in frequency are called?

Back 35

Pitch

Front 36

Variations in amplitude are called?

Back 36

Loudness

Front 37

2 chemical senses that detect teh presence of particlar molecules

Back 37

Smell and Taste

Front 38

Influences emotional reactions and sexual behavior

Back 38

Pheromones

Front 39

Shorter waves correspond to?

Back 39

Higher Frequencies

Front 40

What part of the eye gives us the sharpest images?

Back 40

Fovea

Front 41

There are No Rods and Cones present in this part of your eye

Back 41

Blind Spot

Front 42

What chemical responds to light

Back 42

Rhodospin

Front 43

In which law do we tend to group marks that look alike together XXXxxx as 2 groups

Back 43

Law of Similarity

Front 44

What creates the illusion of distance

Back 44

Monocular/static cues

Front 45

Sometimes triggers additional sensory experiences and comprehension like dominoes

Back 45

Bottom-up processing

Front 46

This part of processing is guided by knowledge/expectation and belef
(you seee what you you want and not what is out there)

Back 46

Top-down processing

Front 47

Where are different frequencies of sound coded into varying nerve impulses?

Back 47

Basilar Membrane

Front 48

What is the theory that says we sleep to restore body and mind

Back 48

Recuperation THeory

Front 49

What Theory says that sleep was formed to protect us and conserve energy

Back 49

Evolutionary THeory

Front 50

Sleep is a ___ cycle

Back 50

90 min.

Front 51

What happens when there is a peak of epinephrine and norepinephrine

Back 51

THinking and Memory Peak as well

Front 52

What do we call the content that we remember?

Back 52

Manifest COntent

Front 53

What do we call the symbolic content with unconscious desires?

Back 53

Latent Content

Front 54

difficulty falling alseep

Back 54

Insomnia

Front 55

Dreams strengthen memory

Back 55

Memory Hypothesis

Front 56

Name of Stage 1 (lasts 5 minutes) transition from wakefullness to sleep

Back 56

Hypnogogic Sleep

Front 57

Makes Neurons that are usually inhibited likely to fire/ occurs as a result of depressant use

Back 57

Disinhibition

Front 58

Barbiturates, alcohol, and antianxiety drugs are all types of

Back 58

Depressants

Front 59

Tolerance to one drug causes tolerance to similar drugs

Back 59

Cross Tolerance

Front 60

Date rape drug

Back 60

Rohypnol

Front 61

Slows down the central nervous systelm and decreases activity and awareness

Back 61

Depressant

Front 62

Ecstasy, Ritalin, Epinephrine, Nicotine and caffeine are?

Back 62

Amphetamines

Front 63

Which drug affects the body's ability to thermoregulate?

Back 63

Ecstasy

Front 64

What causes sound waves into the auditory canal?

Back 64

the Pina

Front 65

The awarenss of our own existence, thoughts and feelings

Back 65

Consciousness

Front 66

what are the 5 stages of consciousness?

Back 66

Hypnosis, dreaming, sleep, meditation, and drugs/alcohol

Front 67

Most likely to induce dependence also increases attention and awareness?
side effcts include: decreased appetite increased arousal/energy increaser motor activity

Back 67

Stimulants

Front 68

Coke is a type of?

Back 68

Stimulant

Front 69

What is faster acting and more intense then cocaine?
-Cross BBB
-More addictive then Coke

Back 69

Crack Cocaine

Front 70

Evolutionary, Restorative THeory, and the idea that sleep facilitates learning are?

Back 70

3 general theories that have been proposed to explain function of sleep

Front 71

WHat is a hormone that helps promote sleep?

Back 71

Melatonin

Front 72

2 characteristics of chronic substance abuse?

Back 72

Tolerance & Withdrawal

Front 73

A CNS depressant that acts as an analgesic and produces a sense of euphoria and relaxation?

Back 73

Narcotics
Ex: heroin

Front 74

Chronic use of ___ can suppress the body's production of endorphins

Back 74

Narcotics

Front 75

___ occus when repeated exposure decreases responsiveness

Back 75

Habituation

Front 76

____ occurs when repeated exposure to a stimulus increases responsiveness

Back 76

sensitization

Front 77

Rods are everwhere except for the ?

Back 77

Fovea

Front 78

the ____ theory of color vision says that the eye contains 3 kinds of color sensors

Back 78

Trichomatic Theory

Front 79

BRain Responds to a ____ of colors, not individual cones

Back 79

Mixture

Front 80

JND is a kind of?

Back 80

Threshold

Front 81

What do you call a physical event that is strong enough to be noticed?

Back 81

Threshold

Front 82

What is the smallest amount of a stimulus needed to notice that the stimulant is present at all ?

Back 82

Absolute Threshold

Front 83

What law says the greater the magnitude the greater the extra amount must be noticed

Back 83

Weber's LAw

Front 84

2 key concepts that explain how signals are detected or missed?

Back 84

sensitivity and bias

Front 85

How do we distinguish signal from noise

Back 85

signal detection theory

Front 86

how your brain take in light so you can see?

Back 86

Transduction

Front 87

What causes rods and cones to fire?

Back 87

Light

Front 88

Skin receptors send messages to ?

Back 88

Somatosensory Cortex

Front 89

LImbic system deals with ?

Back 89

Emotion and Memory

Front 90

Attention affects?

Back 90

Sensory and perception

Front 91

What sends messages to brain?

Back 91

Auditory Nerve

Front 92

What is it called when 1 object partially covers another but our brain sees it as 1 on top of the other?

Back 92

Occlusion cue