Psychology Ch 7

Front 1

cognitive universalism tends to _______ the linguistic relativity hypothesis

Back 1

contradict

Front 2

in contrast to comparing mental age to chronological age, most modern tests of intelligence use_______

Back 2

age group comparison norms

Front 3

dr. Davenport gives all her classes 45 minutes to complete their psychology test regardless of if the class meets for 50 minutes, 75 minutes or even 3 hours. such a technique ensures test

Back 3

standardization

Front 4

Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf theorized that ___________, a concept reflected in their linguistic relativity hypothesis.

Back 4

language shapes thoughts

Front 5

what does the Flynn effect theorize?

Back 5

intelligence scores are steadily increasing in modernized countries

Front 6

what may be the best predictor of why some people do not excel in school but essentially succeed in their life and career choices

Back 6

emotional intelligence

Front 7

in Termans study of gifted children, mental health issues and relationship problems only occurred in those with IQs of

Back 7

180 or higher

Front 8

Dr. Thomas has found that William, her patient, has a defect in a gene on the X chromosome of his 23rd pair, which has resulted in a deficiency of a protein needed for Williams brain development. William most likely suffers from

Back 8

fragile X syndrome

Front 9

Dr. Miller works with children who have grown up in poor socioeconomic conditions. many of her clients come from homes that do not emphasize education or social involvement and opportunities for advancement are practically nonexistent. many are malnourished, have been exposed to a variety of environmental toxins, and have multiple infections without adequate or timely health care. what might these children be at risk for?

Back 9

intellectual disability

Front 10

the goal of all test developers is to _____ cultural bias in their intelligence tests

Back 10

minimize

Front 11

which of the following tests came first

Back 11

Binets mental ability test

Front 12

according to Sternberg, book smarts is another way of talking about which kind of intelligence

Back 12

analytical

Front 13

which type of intelligence, according to Howard Gardner, would most likely be present in farmers, landscapers, and biologists

Back 13

naturalist

Front 14

which of the following questions would be more likely to produce divergent thinking

Back 14

how many uses can you think of for a clothes hanger

Front 15

one day at work, Paulines earring fell on the floor and she was unable to find the back. to keep from losing her earring, Pauline reinserted it and used part of a pencil eraser to keep the earring in place. using the pencil eraser as a temporary earring back showed that Pauline overcame

Back 15

functional fixedness

Front 16

John and Karen bought a new house with an unfinished basement. to determine how they want to finish it, they lay down tape on the floor showing where walls will go and rooms will be. this process of problem solving is known as

Back 16

working backward from the goal

Front 17

trial and error is sometimes referred to as a

Back 17

mechanical solution

Front 18

a psychologist asks people to envision a circle. next he asks them to draw the circle they envisioned. when comparing the pictures, almost all circles look identical. the fact that a circle typically fits a specific and rigid set of rules is an example of a

Back 18

formal concept

Front 19

research suggests we engage mental images in our mind ________ the way we engage or interact with physical objects.

Back 19

much like

Front 20

researchers have found that it takes ______ to view a mental image that is larger or covers more distance than a smaller or more compact one

Back 20

longer

Front 21

_______ believed that language helps to develop concepts, whereas _________ believed that concepts must be developed first if language is to follow

Back 21

Vygotsky; Piaget

Front 22

Researchers believe that up to the age of _______ individuals possess the ability to understand phonemes of all language.

Back 22

9 months

Front 23

according to Noam Chomsky, what is a language acquisition device

Back 23

a part of the brain that develops during puberty that allows teens and adults to formulate questions and engage others

Front 24

the basic units of sound in a language are known as

Back 24

morphemes

Front 25

which of the following would be an example of a stereotype threat

Back 25

Joaquim, who believes IQ tests are unfair to Hispanics, something that his IQ score seems to reflect

Front 26

in recent studies, what do some researchers argue is a more accurate means of gauging success in relationships and careers

Back 26

emotional intelligence

Front 27

what were some of the differences between the 100 most successful men and the 100 least successful men in Termans study

Back 27

the successful men had clearly defined goals and more motivation to achieve them

Front 28

Lewis Termans study provided evidence that individuals with high IQs

Back 28

show little to no signs of mental illness or adjustment problems

Front 29

Kyle age 13 has an intellectual disability complicated by multiple physical and sensory impairments that significantly impact his skills of daily living and ability to communicate. he is unable to take care of himself in any area of life. Kyle would most likely be classified with _________ intellectual disability.

Back 29

profound

Front 30

in terms of differing cultures, what should be the goal of every test designer

Back 30

to create a test that is culturally fair

Front 31

professor Becker designed an IQ test. to validate this test, the professor should be careful to do which of the following

Back 31

strive to make sure that the test measures what it is supposed to measure

Front 32

Liv is 4 years old. the intelligence test that would most likely be used to determine her IQ is the

Back 32

WPPSI-IV

Front 33

by what age do IQ scores start to become meaningless

Back 33

16

Front 34

according to Sternberg, which type of intelligence has a low relationship to academic success and would be the most difficult to measure in the classroom

Back 34

practical

Front 35

in Gardners view, effective counseling psychologists and managers would likely be high in ________ intelligence

Back 35

interpersonal

Front 36

which of the following is the best way to encourage divergent, creative thinking

Back 36

go for a walk or engage in some other automatic activity

Front 37

if you ask someone to give you as many uses as possible for a piece of paper, what type of thinking is being yused

Back 37

divergent

Front 38

Randall believes that aliens are currently living deep under the ocean. when looking for information about this on the internet, he ignores any sites that are skeptical of his belief and only visits sites that support his belief. this is an example of

Back 38

confirmation bias

Front 39

Alicia leaves her office building only to find it is raining. she returns to her office and gets a trash bag out of the supply cabinet. using a pair of scissors, she cuts the bag so that she can put her head and arms through the bag without getting wet. in using the trash bag as a makeshift rain jacket, Alicia has overcome

Back 39

functional fixedness

Front 40

while taking a shower, Miguel suddenly realizes the solution to a problem at work. When later asked how he solved this problem, Miguel said, the answer just seemed to pop into my head. Miguels experience is an example of

Back 40

insight

Front 41

what type of problem solving strategy would be best if you are giving directions to a coffee shop that you currently are at

Back 41

work backward from the goal

Front 42

what method of problem solving guarantees a solution

Back 42

algorithm

Front 43

people in the united states often think of a sports car when asked to envision a fun, fast form of travel. in this example, a sports car would be considered a

Back 43

prototype

Front 44

in the brain, the process of creating a mental image is ____________ how we see an actual image

Back 44

almost the opposite of

Front 45

what is thinking

Back 45

mental activity that involves processing, organizing, understanding, and communicating information