Psychological Disorders

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4. Like many of his friends, Justin enjoys watching pornography on the internet. Lately he's been missing work so he can stay home and spend more time on the computer. This behavior is not only jeopardizing his job, it is also interfering with his relationship. Justin's girlfriend is upset about him spending too much time on the computer and she is threatening to break up with him. Justin's behavior meets which of the following criteria for abnormality? A. DevianceB. MaladaptiveC. DistressfulD. None of these

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B. Maladaptive

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5. The American Psychiatric Association defines abnormal behavior primarily through the _____ approach. A. biologicalB. psychologicalC. socioculturalD. cognitive

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A. biological

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7. Jason is very depressed and can't help but think that life holds few rewards. He feels upset and frustrated by the fact that he just can't "shake the blues." The _____ aspect of abnormal behavior applies to Jason. A. deviantB. maladaptiveC. dangerousD. distressful

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D. distressful

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2. When a behavior interferes with a person's ability to function effectively in the world, it is considered _____. A. deviantB. dependentC. maladaptiveD. repetitive

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C. maladaptive

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8. The _____ approach to disorders primarily focuses on the brain, genetic factors, and neurotransmitter functioning as the sources of abnormality. A. psychologicalB. socioculturalC. biologicalD. evolutionary

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C. biological

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9. Which theoretical approach emphasizes the contributions of experiences, thoughts, emotions, and personality characteristics in explaining psychological disorders? A. The sociocultural approachB. The psychological approachC. The humanistic approachD. The biological approach

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B. The psychological approach

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10. According to the biopsychosocial model, abnormal behavior is influenced ______. A. predominately by biological factorsB. predominately by psychological factorsC. predominately by social and cultural factorsD. by the combination or interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors

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D. by the combination or interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors

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11. Marilyn is depressed a great deal of the time and seeks help from a doctor. She is diagnosed as having a mental illness caused by a chemical imbalance. Marilyn is most likely being treated by someone who adheres to the _____ model of psychological disorders. A. biological or biomedicalB. behavioralC. psychoanalyticD. cognitive

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A. biological or biomedical

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12. When treating a client with a psychological disorder, a therapist makes the assumption that the person's difficulties stem primarily from the context in which a person lives. This therapist most likely identifies with the _____ approach to psychological disorders. A. biologicalB. psychologicalC. socioculturalD. biopsychosocial

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C. sociocultural

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13. What theoretical approach to psychological disorders would be most likely to consider a person's gender and ethnicity when diagnosing a disorder? A. SocioculturalB. BehavioralC. BiologicalD. Cognitive

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A. Sociocultural

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15. Which of the following statements about the DSM-IV is FALSE? A. The DSM-IV is a classification of psychological disorders.B. DSM-IV was introduced in 1994 and revised in 2000.C. The number of disorders listed in DSM-IV is significantly lower than the number of disorders listed in the first edition of the DSM.D. The DSM-IV classifies individuals on the basis of five dimensions or axes.

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C. The number of disorders listed in DSM-IV is significantly lower than the number of disorders listed in the first edition of the DSM.

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21. Critics of the medical model of abnormal behavior argue that ADHD reflects a(n) ______. A. social construct rather than a psychological disorderB. psychological disorder rather than a social constructC. example of racial profiling of African-American childrenD. biological disorder rather than a psychological disorder

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A. social construct rather than a psychological disorder

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23. Drug companies commonly fund research that focuses on the _______ approach to psychological disorders. A. socioculturalB. psychologicalC. biologicalD. cognitive

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C. biological

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24. Chad regularly experiences motor tension, hyperactivity, and apprehensive expectations and thoughts. It is likely that Chad suffers from a(n) _____.

A. mood disorder B. anxiety disorder C. personality disorder

D. dissociative disorder

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B. anxiety disorder

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25. Which of the following is NOT classified as an anxiety disorder? A. Obsessive-compulsive disorderB. Panic disorderC. DepressionD. Post-traumatic stress disorder

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C. Depression

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26. Although Carol has been experiencing persistent anxiety for the past 6 months, she has been unable to specify the cause or source of her nervous feelings. Carol likely suffers from _____. A. schizophreniaB. post-traumatic stress disorderC. a phobic disorderD. generalized anxiety disorder

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D. generalized anxiety disorder

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27. Individuals who are diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder experience _____. Individuals who are diagnosed with panic disorder experience _____. A. chronic anxiety / sudden anxietyB. sudden anxiety / chronic anxietyC. intermittent anxiety / steady anxietyD. severe anxiety / minor anxiety

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A. chronic anxiety / sudden anxiety

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28. You are having dinner with your friend Sophia when she experiences a sudden onset of intense terror, without warning and with no specific cause. Sophia would most likely be diagnosed as suffering from ______. A. borderline personality disorderB. panic disorderC. phobic disorderD. generalized anxiety disorder

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B. panic disorder

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29. John has sudden attacks of intense fear in which his heart races, he feels faint, and he has trouble catching his breath. During these attacks, he worries that he is going to die. From this description, it sounds like John has _____. A. schizophreniaB. obsessive-compulsive disorderC. panic disorderD. generalized anxiety disorder

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C. panic disorder

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30. Which of the following statements about research on the etiology of panic disorder is FALSE? A. Panic disorder is associated with neurotransmitter problems involving norepinephrine and GABA.B. Panic disorder may be a consequence of an autonomic nervous system that is predisposed to be overly active.C. Panic disorder may be associated with a misinterpretation of harmless indicators of physiological arousal.D. Men are twice as likely as women to be diagnosed with panic disorder.

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D. Men are twice as likely as women to be diagnosed with panic disorder.

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31. A fear becomes a phobia when ______. A. a doctor diagnoses it as suchB. an individual will go to any length to avoid the object of the fear/phobiaC. a person can specifically identify what they are afraid ofD. a person cannot identify the source of their nervous feelings

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B. an individual will go to any length to avoid the object of the fear/phobia

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32. Former NFL coach John Madden had a famous fear of flying that led him to take a bus to all of the games he broadcasted. The fact that he would go to any length to avoid flying suggests that he suffered from ______. A. generalized anxiety disorderB. obsessive-compulsive disorderC. a specific phobiaD. post-traumatic stress disorder

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C. a specific phobia

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33. Individuals who suffer from ______ have an intense fear of being humiliated or embarrassed in social situations. A. generalized anxiety disorderB. obsessive-compulsive disorderC. post-traumatic stress disorderD. a social phobia

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D. a social phobia

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34. Which of the following statements about phobias is TRUE? A. Most phobias begin in middle adulthood.B. People who suffer from phobic disorders are not consciously aware of the cause or trigger of their anxiety.C. Most phobias are rational fear reactions.D. Learning theorists consider phobias to be learned fears.

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D. Learning theorists consider phobias to be learned fears.

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35. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is classified as a(n) ______ disorder. A. moodB. personalityC. anxietyD. dissociative

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C. anxiety

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39. Jillian can't bear to leave her home without washing all the linens and floors, vacuuming the carpets, and organizing everything in her cupboards. Because she knows that her behavior is extreme, she has tried to go to work without doing all these things, but she is overcome with such overwhelming dread that she never makes it all the way to the office. Jillian probably has _____. A. obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)B. generalized anxiety disorderC. a phobiaD. panic disorder

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A. obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

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40. What differentiates people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) from those who don't have OCD but may have some tendencies related to OCD, such as experiencing anxiety-provoking thoughts? A. The ability to ignore or dismiss intrusive thoughtsB. The presence of agoraphobiaC. A history of past sexual abuseD. Overprotective parents

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A. The ability to ignore or dismiss intrusive thoughts

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41. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) ______. A. does not seem to have a genetic component because it does not run in familiesB. is linked with high levels of serotonin and dopamineC. does not seem to be linked with abnormal brain functioningD. often occurs during a period of life stress

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D. often occurs during a period of life stress

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42. Randy experienced a horrific childhood. She was physically and verbally abused by her mother and sexually abused by a stepfather. Years later, she began experiencing anxiety symptoms. A diagnosis of _____ would best apply to her situation. A. generalized anxiety disorderB. post-traumatic stress disorderC. phobic disorderD. panic disorder

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B. post-traumatic stress disorder

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43. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder? A. FlashbacksB. Difficulties with memory and concentrationC. Feelings of apprehension and nervousnessD. Depressed arousal and fatigue

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D. Depressed arousal and fatigue

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44. When Sandra was 18 years old, she was in a serious car accident. Although she made a full recovery from her injuries, she experienced extreme anxiety afterward. Sandra is now very anxious when driving, will not drive near the site of the accident, has nightmares about the accident, and flinches when she goes through intersections. Sandra has symptoms suggestive of ______. A. generalized anxiety disorderB. obsessive-compulsive disorderC. post-traumatic stress disorderD. panic disorder

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C. post-traumatic stress disorder

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45. In movies that focus on war (e.g., Born on the Fourth of July, Apocalypse Now, First Blood), soldiers who have returned from the frontlines often struggle with overwhelming anxiety, nervousness, depression, and flashbacks. In many cases these soldiers have problems with memory and an inability to experience happiness. These characters have ______. A. dementiaB. post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)C. dysthymiaD. dissociative identity disorder (DID)

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B. post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

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68. ______ has the highest mortality rate of any psychological disorder. A. Generalized anxiety disorderB. SchizophreniaC. Bipolar disorderD. Anorexia nervosa

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D. Anorexia nervosa

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70. Individuals with bulimia nervosa tend to have _____ of perfectionism and _____ of self-efficacy. A. high levels / high levelsB. high levels / low levelsC. low levels / high levelsD. low levels / low levels

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B. high levels / low levels

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74. Dissociative disorders often occur in individuals who also show signs of _____. A. bipolar disorderB. post-traumatic stress disorderC. antisocial personality disorderD. panic disorder

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B. post-traumatic stress disorder

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80. _____ is a severe psychological disorder that is characterized by highly disordered thought processes. A. Dysthymic disorderB. Bipolar disorderC. Generalized anxiety disorderD. Schizophrenia

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D. Schizophrenia

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82. The _____ of schizophrenia are marked by a distortion or an excess of normal function, whereas _____ reflect social withdrawal, behavioral deficits, and the loss or decrease of normal functions. A. positive symptoms / negative symptomsB. negative symptoms / positive symptomsC. physical symptoms / psychological symptomsD. psychological symptoms / physical symptoms

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A. positive symptoms / negative symptoms

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84. Which of the following is NOT considered a positive symptom of schizophrenia? A. HallucinationsB. DelusionsC. Referential thinkingD. Flat affect

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D. Flat affect