Psych Of Language Notes

Front 1

Transformations:
Deep Structure

Back 1

Underlying of logical structure of a sentence. Active and passive versions of sentences (eg the dog chased the cat and The cat was chased by the dog) are said to be different surface forms of the same deep structure. Deep structure core stored separately from transformations.

Front 2

Transformations:
Surface Structure

Back 2

Two things that are different on the surface are the same underneath (eg the cat and The cat was chased by the dog). To get a surface structure, apply transformations to the core.

Front 3

Syntactic Tree

Back 3

[S<( NP<Det;Adj;N) (VP<V;NP)]
Det (The) Adj(Happy) N(Boy) (V) Eats (NP) Ice Cream

Front 4

Phrase-Structure Grammar

Back 4

Set of rules like:
S --> NP VP
NP --> det adj N
VP --> V NP
with which you can make all the sentence of English.

Front 5

Parsing

Back 5

how we go about deriving the structure of a sentence when we read or hear it. That is our syntactic processing of sentences. The activity of grammatical processing.

Front 6

Grammar

Back 6

System of representations and rules

Front 7

Swinney "spiders, roaches and other bugs"

Back 7

1979 study in which subjects heard "...spiders, roaches, & other bugs in the corner"; subjects saw at "bugs" either:
a. contextually related word: ant
b. contextually inappropriate: spy
c. unrelated: sew
-task: lexical decision; multiple lexical access.
At the beginning of bugs, ant, & spy are both activated (they are responded to father than sew).
-3 words later (after 'corner') only 'ant' is activated.
-This is evidence of automatic multiple access even with strong biasing contexts.

Front 8

psychological contextualism

Back 8

Meaning is flexible and can change with context
ex. ball will float when thrown in water.

Front 9

psychological essentialism

Back 9

There is an essence that underlies something that make it what it is. Instead of features, we have a theory of why something is that way. Different for objects than animals.
ex. ball bounces.

Front 10

Lexical Gap

Back 10

a word or other form that does not exist in some language but which would be expected to exist given the grammatical rules of the language
arrive -> arrival; but no describe -> describal

Front 11

lexicalized

Back 11

to form (a word or lexeme) or (of a word or lexeme) to be formed from constituent morphemes, words, or lexemes, as to form cannot from can and not.

Front 12

4 models of speech perception

Back 12

Motor theory; forster's; cohort; trace

Front 13

Word Meaning: Fixed

Back 13

fixed and sufficient; core semantics

Front 14

Word meaning: Fuzzy

Back 14

prototype; exemplar