Psc131 Mt3

Front 1

The ecological approach was developed by

Back 1

-J.J. Gibson

Front 2

In the study by Lee et al, infants were put in rooms with movable walls. This study found that

Back 2

-children will lean back when a forward-swaying flow pattern was created

Front 3

Land and Lee tracked the eyes of drivers in a simulator. They found that drivers negotiate curves by

Back 3

-using information in addition to optic flow

Front 4

4. MST neurons that respond to flow

Back 4

-are found in the ventral stream

Front 5

In an experiment by Britten and van Wezel, the perceived direction of motion was found to be influenced
by micros stimulation of neurons in ____

Back 5

-MST

Front 6

Affordances

Back 6

-provide the observer possibilities for action

Front 7

7.Pierno et al. (2006) identified brain activity that occurs when observers watch someone else grasps a ball,
or when the other person gazes at the ball. These brain areas are called the

Back 7

-action observation system

Front 8

Calvo-Merino et al.’s (2005) research that involved showing dance videos to expert ballet and capioera
dancers supported the conclusion that:

Back 8

-mirror neurons can be shaped by a person’s experience

Front 9

As you drive across a bridge, the optic flow is rapid close to the car, but there is no flow

Back 9

-at the focus of expansion

Front 10

According to Gibson, the relationship between movement and flow is

Back 10

-Movement creates flow, which then provides information to guiding further movement

Front 11

11. When expert gymnasts closed their eyes when making a backward somersault, they performed

Back 11

-more poorly, because they couldn’t make “in-air” corrections based on flow information

Front 12

The zoetrope produces

Back 12

-apparent movement

Front 13

Clara has an accident and suffers from damage bilaterally in the medial temporal lobes. Afterward,
she finnds it hard to pour a cup of coffee because she cannot tell wheen it will be full. She likely has a
condition called

Back 13

-motion agnosia

Front 14

A mouse “freezes” when it sees a cat nearby. This assists the mouse’s survival because

Back 14

-both a and b.: being motionless reduces both the attention-attracting effect of motion, and the
chance that the cat willsee the mouse against the background

Front 15

Mirror neurons

Back 15

-help an individual understand another person’s actions and react appropriately, help the person
imitate observed behaviors, have been discovered in the premotor cortex

Front 16

Audio-visual mirror neurons in the monkey fire

Back 16

-when the monkey sees the experimenter grasp a piece of food, and when he hears a peanut being
broken

Front 17

Ikya looks at a white surface under sunlight conditions and she perceives it to be white. When she
looks at the white surface under a tungsten light, it looks ___ to her

Back 17

-white

Front 18

The stimulus in the textbook that displayed 4 discs that were covered by a white or dark mist
exemplified the role of ___ in lightness perception

Back 18

-perceptual organization

Front 19

Honeybees have a cone pigment that maximally absorbs wavelengths of ___nm

Back 19

-335

Front 20

The aperture problem is solved by the pooling of responses of a number of V1 neurons. Physiological
evidence suggests that this pooling occurs in the ____

Back 20

-MT cortex

Front 21

The connection between MT neurons and movement perception has been supported by

Back 21

-both lesioning and micro stimulation studies

Front 22

R.W. sees static dots that are flashed while he is moving his eyes as moving at the same rate as his eye-
movements. He had cortical damage that eliminated

Back 22

-corollary discharge signals

Front 23

A “point-light walker” wears lights on different body locations. When viewed in a dark room, an
observer would perceive a

Back 23

-person when the point-light mover is moving

Front 24

The reflectance curve is a plot of the light reflected off a surface as a function of

Back 24

-wavelength

Front 25

The reflectance curve for a white piece of paper would

Back 25

-reflect long, medium and short wavelengths equally

Front 26

Which color is categorized as an extra-spectral color?

Back 26

-brown

Front 27

You stare at upward moving dots for a while then look at a bunch of static dots, which you see as
moving slightly downward for a while and then they stop. While you see the dots moving downward,
there is ___ activation in ___ as when you see them as completely still.

Back 27

-move/MT Cortex

Front 28

An afterimage when viewed in the dark appears to move when you move your eyes, this is what the
corollary discharge theory would predict because

Back 28

-there is no IDS, but there is a CDS

Front 29

Which of the following is true about the corollary discharge theory?

Back 29

-it can explain why you see a bird moving in flight when you are following it with your eyes

Front 30

Blue and Yellow lights mixed together yield

Back 30

-white

Front 31

The major theories of color vision were first proposed

Back 31

-in the 1800’s, based on behavioral evidence only

Front 32

Color matching experiments show that if a person with full color vision is given at least ___
wavelengths to mix together, the person can match any single wavelength

Back 32

-3

Front 33

The trichromatic theory of color vision states that color perception is due to

Back 33

-the pattern of activity in three different receptors

Front 34

Opponent neurons found in the ___ provide physiological support for the opponent process theory

Back 34

-both the retina and the LGN

Front 35

Which of the following was not an opponent mechanism proposed by Hering?

Back 35

-blue (+); Green (-)

Front 36

Which of the following is phenomenological support for the “opponent-process theory” of color
vision?

Back 36

-all of these

Front 37

The pattern of firing of receptor activity in response to red would be

Back 37

-little firing from the S receptor, a moderate firing from the M receptor, and large firing from the
L receptor

Front 38

Two stimuli that are physically different, but are perceptually identical are called

Back 38

-metamers

Front 39

A unilateral dichromat

Back 39

-has trichromatic vision in one eye and dichromatic vision in the other eye

Front 40

Which of the following statements is true about dichromatism?

Back 40

Males are more likely to be dichromats than females

Front 41

Physiological evidence shows that protonopes do not have the ___ wavelength cone pigment

Back 41

-long

Front 42

Which of the following is behavioral support for the “opponent-process theory”?

Back 42

-color afterimages

Front 43

Nora adapts to a yellow stimulus for about 30 seconds. She will then see an afterimage that appears
to be

Back 43

-blue

Front 44

Dr. Mills wants to create a stimulus that will produce an afterimage of a red heart shape against a
white background. He should make the heart ___ and the background ___

Back 44

-green, black

Front 45

Which statement below best describes the current consensus on the theories of color vision?

Back 45

-the physiology of the cone receptors and the discovery of opponent cells in which the retina
and LGN show that both theories are correct

Front 46

fact that a blue hat is seen as having the same color indoors and outdoors is an example of

Back 46

-color constancy

Front 47

Which of the following is a finding that demonstrates the phenomenon of memory color?

Back 47

-participants perceive a 620-nm pattern as being redder is that pattern has the shape of a stop
sign rather than a mushroom shape

Front 48

The ___ is demonstrated when you look through a circle you make with your fingers, move a pencil,
either horizontally or diagonally from left to right behind your fingers and notice that the two directions
of motion look exactly the same

Back 48

-aperture problem

Front 49

49. When Di Pelligrino added a handle to a cup that was presented to a woman with extinction,
identification of the cup was increased. This demonstrates the importance of ___ in object identification

Back 49

-affordances

Front 50

In the study by Derbyshire et al on affordances where subjects were asked to respond to whether an
object was man-made (by pinching a button with the thumb and index finger) or naturally occurring (by
squeezing a handle with the whole hand), they found that the responses were

Back 50

-faster for a key than a hammer