Protein Metabolism

Front 1

essential vs. non-essential amino acids

Back 1

essential- you must get in your diet

non-essential- your body already makes these, so you don't need them in your diet

Front 2

primary structure

Back 2

amino acid sequence

amino acids+peptide bonds

Front 3

secondary structure

Back 3

sheet or helix

twisting & turning of neighboring AAs, stabilized by hydrogen bonds

Front 4

tertiary structure

Back 4

3 dimensional shape of polypeptide chain

Front 5

quaternary structure

Back 5

arrangement of 2 or more polypeptide chains

-->explains why proteins are more complicated to break down

Front 6

the fate of amino acids in the energy metabolic pathway

Back 6

1) kreb cycle intermediates (entry into the krebs cycle(

2) gluconeogenic pathway (non-glucose precursor to the production of glucose in gluconeogenesis)

Front 7

deamination

Back 7

before AAs can enter the Krebs cycle, their amino group (NH2) must first be removed thru deamination.

occurs in the liver, and produces ammonia (NH3).

the liver cells then convert the highly toxic ammonia to urea

Front 8

transamination

Back 8

the transfer of an amino group from an AA to pyruvic acid or to an acid in the Krebs cycle

once the appropriate essential and nonessential AAs are present in cells, protein synthesis occurs rapidly

Front 9

glucose-alanine cycle

Back 9

alanine enters the liver and produces glucose (through gluconeogenesis)

glucose leaves the liver and is used to aid in contraction of a skeletal muscle, which then releases alanine into the capillary to be taken to the liver again

symbiotic relationship