Peds Fluid And Electrolytes

Front 1

Which of the following is released from the posterior pituitary gland and promotes water retention in the renal system?

Back 1

Antidiuretic hormone

Front 2

Nurses must be alert for increased fluid requirements when a child has which of the following?

Back 2

Fever

Front 3

Which of the following factors predispose an infant to fluid imbalances?

Back 3

Immature kidney functioning

Front 4

The number of milliliters of fluid per day needed for a 14 kg child is:

Back 4

1200
child requires 100 ml/kg

Front 5

An infant is brought to the emergency department with the following clinical manifestations: poor skin turgor, weight loss, lethargy, tachycardia, and tachypnea. This is suggestive of which of the following?

Back 5

Water depletion

Front 6

Clinical manifestations of sodium excess (hypernatremia) include which of the following?

Back 6

Dry, sticky mucous membranes

Front 7

Which of the following laboratory findings would the nurse expect in a child with an excess of water?

Back 7

Decreased hematocrit

Front 8

Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of calcium depletion (hypocalcemia)?

Back 8

Neuromuscular irritability

Front 9

What type of dehydration occurs when the electrolyte deficit exceeds the water deficit?

Back 9

Hypotonic dehydration

Front 10

What amount of fluid loss occurs with moderate dehydration?

Back 10

50 to 90 ml/kg

Front 11

Physiologically, the child compensates for fluid volume losses by which of the following mechanisms?

Back 11

Fluid shift from interstitial space to intravascular space

Front 12

Ongoing fluid losses can overwhelm the child’s ability to compensate, resulting in shock. Early clinical signs that precede shock include:

Back 12

Tachycardia

Front 13

The presence of which pair of factors is a good predictor of a fluid deficit of at least 5% in an infant?

Back 13

Dry mucous membranes and generally ill appearance

Front 14

The nurse suspects fluid overload in an infant receiving intravenous fluids. Which of the following clinical manifestations is suggestive of water intoxication?

Back 14

Irritability, seizures

Front 15

Which of the following produces the clinical manifestations of nervous system stimulation and excitement, such as overexcitability, nervousness, and tetany?

Back 15

Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis

Front 16

An approximate method of estimating output for a child who is not toilet trained is:

Back 16

Weigh diapers after each void

Front 17

The nurse is selecting a site to begin an intravenous infusion on a 2-year-old child. The superficial veins on his hand and arm are not readily visible. Which of the following interventions will increase the visibility of these veins?

Back 17

Gently tap over the site.

Front 18

When caring for a child with an intravenous infusion, the nurse should do which of the following?

Back 18

Check insertion site frequently for signs of infiltration.

Front 19

The nurse determines that a child’s intravenous infusion has infiltrated. The infused solution is a vesicant. The most appropriate nursing action is which of the following?

Back 19

End infusion and notify practitioner.

Front 20

Several types of long-term central venous access devices are used. Which of the following is a benefit of using an implanted port (e.g., Port-a-Cath)?

Back 20

The patient does not need to limit regular physical activity, including swimming.

Front 21

The nurse is teaching the family of a child with a long-term central venous access device. Symptoms of bacteremia, a serious complication, include which of the following?

Back 21

Fever, general malaise

Front 22

Which of the following flush solutions is recommended for intravenous catheters larger than 24 gauge?

Back 22

Saline