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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Health Promotion and the Infant:
Assessment Findings |
*Posterior Fontanel closes at 2-3mos of age.
*Size is tracked by weight, height, and head circumference. *By end of 1st yr. infant is able to distinguish self from parents. *Have short attention spans. *6-8 teeth erupt by end of 1st yr. |
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Health Promotion and the Toddler: Anticipatory Guidance
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*Anterior Fontanel closes by 18 months of age.
*Toddlers progressively see themselves as seperate from their parents and increase their explorations away from them. *Toddlers develop gender identity by age 3. *Independence is paramount for the toddler who is attempting to do everything for themself. *Separation anxiety continues to occur when a parents leaves the child. *Egocentric moral development, they are unable to see another's perspective,can only view things from their point of view. |
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Health Promotion and the Toddler: Nurse/Parent Communication
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*Teach expected normal growth and development.
*Teach age appropriate health maintenance recommendations for the toddler. *Teach accident prevention. Teach health promotion activities for the toddler. *Identify and report variances from expected growth and development. * |
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Nutrition: Age-Appropriate Guidelines
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*Preterm infants require 50-60kcal/kg/day.
*Infants breast milk, formula, iron-fortified cereal, yellow vegetables, fruits, meats. *Toddlers finger foods, small healthy portions, limit fruit juice to 4-6oz/day due to sugar. Preschool may eat certain foods at certain times, requires 3 meals/day, and 2-3 snacks/day. School age depend on activity, require balanced diet from food pyramid, enjoy being included in meal planning. Adolescents growth spurts occur, tend to eat fast foods, require 2,000-3,000 kcal/day. |
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Asthma: Evaluating Medication Use
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*Teach how to measure PEFR by using a peak expiratory flow meter.
*Establish personal best when signs and symptoms are stable. *Value can be compared to PEFR at any time. * Three zone system used to determine how well patient is doing: Green zone is 80-100%; Yellow zone is 50-79%; and Red zone is less than 50%. |
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Asthma: Effective Treatment
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*Administer medications as prescribed.
*Chest physiotherapy is indicated to help strengthen respiratory muscles. *Educate about way to avoid factors that aggravate or trigger episodes of asthma. *Assist to elimiate allergens in the environment. *Ensure adequate understanding of medication regimen and equiptment. |
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Cystic Fibrosis: Evaluating Home Teaching
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*Ensure parents/caregivers have information regarding access to medical equiptment.
*Provide teaching about equiptment. *Instruct in ways to provide CPT and breathing exercises. *Educate about administrating medications through a venous access port. *Promote regular primary care provider visits, and up to date immunizations. *Encourage regular physical activity. *Encourage participation in support groups. |
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Congenital Heart Disease: Reporting Adverse Effects of Digoxin (Lanoxin)
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*Used to improve myocardial contractility.
*Administer at regularly scheduled intervals at 1 hr. before or 2 hr. after feedings. *Direct oral elixer toward the side and back of mouth when administering. *Give water after administering to prevent tooth decay. *If a dose is missed by more than 4 hr, withhold the dose and do not double the next dose. *If the child vomits do not readminister the dose. *Observe for signs and symptoms of toxicity: monitor pulse prior to administration for a slow rate and or irregular heartbeat, observe for decreased appetite, nausea, and or vomiting. |
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Sickle Cell Anemia: Acute Chest Syndrome
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*Can be life threatening.
*Assess and report signs and symptoms: chest pain, fever of 102degrees F or higher, congested cough, tachycardia, dyspnea, retractions, decreased oxygen saturations. |
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Burns: Emergency Interventions
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*Stop the burning process.
*Assess and maintain airway, breathing, and circulation. *Cover the burn with clean cloth to prevent contaminiation and hypothermia. *Provide warmth. *Remove clothing or jewelry that may conduct heat. *Position child horizontally to prevent flames from rising to head. *Flush chemical burns with large amounts of water. |
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Burns: Identifying Degree of Injury
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*Superficial (1st degree) epidermis is red and tender, swollen without blisters, mild edema present.
*Partial thickness (2nd degree) epidermis and dermis are damaged with blisters formed. *Full thickness (3rd degree)damage extends into subcutaneous tissue, nerve endings, sweat glands, and hair follicules involved. *Full thinkness (4th degree) damage extends to muscle, fascia, and possibly bone. |
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Dermatitis: Maintaining Skin Integrity
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*Provide relief of itching.
*Provide parental instructions to minimize itching and scratching, as well as to prevent infection. *Treat exacerbations of inflammation. |
