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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What events occur during the first week after ovulation?
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1. Fertilization
2. Cleavage 3. Implantation (one week for steps 1-3 after ovulation) |
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What event happens during the second week after ovulation?
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4. Gastulation (Make layers in ball of cells, make tissues=germ tissues) (roughly 1 week to complete folding)
Ectoderm (Protection and feeling) Skin Nerves Endoderm (Tubing) GI tract Lining of respiratory tract Mesoderm (Everything else) Muscles Bone |
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What are the three germ layers, and what tissues arise from each?
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Ectoderm (Protection and feeling)
Skin Nerves Endoderm (Tubing) GI tract Lining of respiratory tract Mesoderm (Everything else) Muscles Bone |
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What event starts during the third week after ovulation?
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Organogenesis (Make organs, about 1 week long)
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There are three terms used to describe a developing human, depending on what stage of growth it has reached - what are those terms, what differentiates between each stage, and approximately when in the pregnancy would each be appropriate?
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Week 2 - Conceptus/Blastocyst (Just a ball of cells)
Week 3 - Embryo (forming organs) Week 9 - Fetus (All organs are formed) |
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What is HcG? What makes it, and when would you expect to see it? What vital function does it support to enable development?
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HCG = Human Chorionic gonadotropin (Chorion is layer around embryo)
Made by embryo (appears towards end of week 2, beginning of week 3) Progesterone production stays up/climbs due to HCG maintaining corpus luteum, keeps uterus vascularized, no menstruation Hcg tested for in pregnancy check for quick and dirty results - is not reabsorbed by body due to lack of HCG specific channels for reabsorbtion |
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What is a placenta? When would you expect to see one? How does it affect hormones in a woman's body?
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Placenta - connects embryo to uterus (placenta shows up week 3)
Food and waste exchange Makes hormones Placental progesterone - prevents menstruation, shows up week 5-10, Hcg and corpus luteum degenerate Estrogen, maintains uterine lining Placental relaxin - relaxes cartilage so that pelvis can open, gives room for baby to be born - relaxes all cartilage, which is why women get flat feet during pregnancy Lactogen - Milk production |
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How does pregnancy affect H2O levels in a woman's body?
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Pregnancy increases aldosterone, increases water retention
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What happens to a woman's breasts during pregnancy?
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Breast size increase, areolae darkening - due to lactogen, melatonin increase to make more obvious target for baby
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What produces lordosis in a pregnant woman?
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Lordosis - due to belly swelling
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A fetus is shown to have testes during development. What specific change will this induce or prevent for sexual development?
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Testes - turns off girl parts;
No direct effect on boy parts, although should produce testosterone, which will cause development of boy parts. Testes being present while testosterone is blocked will cause the fetus to develop no girl or boy parts. |
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Testosterone is present or produced during fetus development. What specific change will this induce or prevent for sexual development?
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Testosterone - turns on boy parts
No direct effect on girl parts. If a fetus has testosterone, but no testes, both girl and boy parts will develop. |
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What role does the the SRy locus play in sexual development?
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SRy on Y chromosome turns on testes, which make testosterone and determine male
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What hormone plays a role in lactation prior to birth?
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Lactation, initiated by lactogen
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What two hormones affect milk production after birth?
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After birth - prolactin, make milk, produce milk - oxytocin, release milk
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How does milking affect milk production?
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Prolactin production inhibited by full breasts - continual milking stimulates more prolactin due to emptier glands
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