Pregnancy is described as alterations in metabolism leading to physiologic modifications with an increase of insulin resistance and rise in cardiac output. Though the mechanisms of these alterations are under investigation, it is clear that the placenta shows an important role. The first complex mammalian organ to develop is the placenta. It is formed from trophoblast cells that can be recognized early during blastocyst development and earlier to implantation.
Endocrine disruptors are environmental contaminants that are biologically active in the endocrine system and interrupt endogenous hormonal function. They include various types of chemicals including insecticides, industrial by-products and chemicals