Oxygenation (Lab)

Front 1

What are the respiratory factors that may effect oxygenation?

Back 1

Decreased oxygen-carrying capacity
Decreased inspired oxygen concentration
Hypovolemia
Increased metabolic rate

Front 2

Hypovolemia

Back 2

Reduced circulating blood volume

Front 3

What is used to carry oxygen to 99% of the tissues?

Back 3

Hemoglobin

Front 4

What are the cardiac factors that may effect oxygenation?

Back 4

Obesity and pregnancy
Musculoskeletal abnormalities (scoliosis)
Trauma (Rib fractures)
Neuromuscular disease (Mysthenia Gravis or Gillain-Barre syndrome)
CNS alterations (cervical or spinal cord damage)
Influences of Chronic disease (direct or secondary effect of disease)

Front 5

Developmental factor that effects oxygenation

Back 5

Age of the patient

Front 6

Lifestyle factors that effect oxygenation

Back 6

Nutrition
Exercise
Smoking
Substance abuse
Stress

Front 7

Environmental factors that effect oxygenation

Back 7

Residence location
Occupation

Front 8

Normal sputum

Back 8

clear or white, no odor

Front 9

Asthma sputum

Back 9

stringy like hardened egg white

Front 10

Pulmonary Edema sputum

Back 10

frothy pink

Front 11

Infection sputum

Back 11

green or yellow, musty color

Front 12

Hemoptysis

Back 12

Bloody, red mucous

Front 13

Bronchoscopy

Back 13

- scope is introduced into the nose, the mouth, an endotracheal tube, a tracheostomy tube, or a
rigid bronchoscope
- right lung is usually examined FIRST than the left lung

Front 14

Thoracentesis

Back 14

inserting a needle through the chest wall and into the pleural space, usually to remove fluid for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes

Front 15

When assessing a client on oxygen the nurse should always...

Back 15

Double check the flow, make sure all devices are working properly and no cords have been disconnected, etc

Front 16

Hypoxemia

Back 16

A deficiency of arterial blood oxygen

Front 17

Hypoxia

Back 17

Insufficient oxygen to meet metabolic demands of tissue and cells

(Results from hypoxemia)

Front 18

Cyanosis

Back 18

The bluish discoloration of skin and mucous membranes

(Late sign of hypoxia)

Front 19

Acute signs and symptoms of hypoxia

Back 19

Apprehension
Anxiety
Decreased level of consciousness
Decreased lung sounds
Increased pulse rate
Increased rate and depth of respiration
Increased blood pressure
Dyspnea
Use of accessory muscles for breathing
Cardiac dysrhythmias

Front 20

Gradual signs and symptoms of Hypoxia

Back 20

Pallor
Increased fatigue
Decreased ability to concentrate
Dizziness
Behavioral changes
Cyanosis
Clubbing
Adventitious lung sounds

Front 21

What determines the level of oxygen that an individual is on?

Back 21

Physician's order

Front 22

What should be placed on the outside entrance of homes where oxygen is being used?

Back 22

An "oxygen in use" sign

Front 23

The system should be kept at least 10 feet from...

Back 23

An open flame

Front 24

What type of blanket can't you use when on oxygen?

Back 24

Wool

Front 25

Before initiating treatment you should...

Back 25

Check flowmeters for accuracy

Front 26

Only administer LOW dose oxygen to these types of patients

Back 26

COPD (2-3 liters)

Front 27

Low flow oxygen system

Back 27

Provides only part of the total inspired air
More comfortable
Oxygen delivery varies with breathing patten

Front 28

High flow oxygen system

Back 28

Provides TOTAL inspired air
Oxygen delivery does not vary with breathing pattern

Front 29

Flowmeter

Back 29

Attaches to the oxygen outlet to adjust the amount of oxygen being delivered

ALWAYS know what your patient oxygen level should be set at and check it each time you enter the room

Front 30

Humidifier

Back 30

Container of sterile water which provides moisture to oxygen
*Sterile water prevents infection

Front 31

Moisture in O2

Back 31

Prevents drying, cracking, and bleeding of nasal mucosa

Front 32

Nasal Cannula

Back 32

Most common method of delivery
Effective, easy, comfortable
Can be used with mouth breathers
Clients can eat, drink, talk and perform ADL's
1-6 L/minute
More than 6 does not increase delivery only dries out membranes
24-44% O2
Skin breakdown is possible around nose and ears and must be assessed
Check adequacy with pulse ox

Front 33

Normal flow rate

Back 33

2-3 L/min

Front 34

Simple face mask

Back 34

Covers the mouth and nose
Provides the most consistent, effective delivery of oxygen
Interferes with talking, eating, and drinking
May cause claustrophobic reaction
30-60%
3-8 L/min

Front 35

Rebreather

Back 35

High flow system with a bag attached to the bottom of the mask

NOT commonly used

Front 36

Contraindications for a Rebreather

Back 36

CO2 retaining clients

Front 37

What percentage of O2 concentration can a Rebreather deliver?

Back 37

70%

Front 38

Difference between a Non-Rebreather and a Rebreather

Back 38

A Rebreather has a two-way valve between mask and reservoir bag allowing the patient to rebreathe their exhaled air

Front 39

Non-Rebreather
(Reservoir Mask)

Back 39

High flow system with a bag attached to the bottom of the mask
High concentration oxygen supply flows into reservoir bag
Has a valve that largely prevents the inhalation of room or exhaled air

Front 40

What percentage of O2 concentration can a Non-Rebreather deliver?

Back 40

80-90%

Front 41

Venturi

Back 41

High flow system
The oxygen mixes with the air in this system
Clients receive constant 02 concentration regardless of rate or depth of inspirations

Front 42

A venturi system delivers _______percent oxygen on _______L/min.

Back 42

24-50% on 3-8 L/min

Front 43

Endotracheal (ET) Tube

Back 43

Placed down the throat of a client to deliver oxygen directly to the lungs

Intubation

Front 44

Tracheostomy

Back 44

Opening into the trachea through which oxygen can be delivered

Front 45

A tracheostomy is used when...

Back 45

The upper airway is blocked due to trauma or ilness

Front 46

Respirator

Back 46

Mechanical ventilation
Used to breathe for a client unable to breathe independently

Front 47

Ambu bag

Back 47

Used during CPR until a client is placed on a respirator
Used prior to and after suctioning
May provide temporary artificial ventilation during transport
May be attached to an O2 supply

Front 48

Artificial airways may be..

Back 48

Oral or nasal

Front 49

BiPAP
Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure

Back 49

Mechanical ventilator to assist inspiration
Pushes air into lungs
Client's inspiratory effect triggers the ventilator

Front 50

Positive pressure helps to prevent...

Back 50

atelectasis

Front 51

CPAP
Continuous Positive Airway

Back 51

Oxygen under constant pressure
Used at night to decrease periodic hypoxemia
For clients with sleep apnea

Front 52

Deep Breathing Exercises

Back 52

Are used to FULLY expand the alveoli and mobilize the removal of secretions

Front 53

How to direct a client to do deep breathing exercises

Back 53

Position client for maximum lung expansion
Client inhales slowly and then exhale twice as long
Watch for chest and ABD expansion
Repeat for 10 breaths

Front 54

Incentive Spirometry

Back 54

Encourages deep breathing
Measures inspiratory volume
Should be used ten times an hour

Front 55

Pulse Oximetry

Back 55

Non-invasive way to show the % of hemoglobin carrying O2 to peripheral tissues
Normal range is 92-100%

Front 56

ABGs

Back 56

pH of ABGs should be 7.35-7.45

Front 57

CO2 range

Back 57

35-45

Front 58

HCO3 range

Back 58

22-26

Front 59

Possible Nursing Diagnosis for patients on oxygen or with respiratory problems

Back 59

Ineffective airway clearance
Ineffective breathing pattern
Ineffective tissue perfusion
Decreased cardiac output
Impaired gas exchange
Impaired spontaneous ventilation
Activity intolerance
Risk for infection
Fear
Anxiety
Impaired verbal communication