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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Feedback
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information about individual or collective performance shared with those in a position to improve the situation
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What are the two functions of feedback
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1. instructional 2. motivational In the form of objective information about performance , both instructs and motivates. |
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What are the three (3) sources of feedback
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1. from others 2. the task 3. themselves |
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Upward Feedback
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the tradition approach...providing feedback to lower-level employees on a manager's style and performance
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360-degree Feedback
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the approach comes from all parties that interact with the employee for example, subordinates, manager, peers, and selected others such as customers or suppliers
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Providing effective feedback require...
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1. goals 2. expectations 3. specific results 4. key result areas 5. focusing on performance 6. accurate and credible information |
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Distinguish the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic rewards and give job-related examples for each.
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Extrinsic rewards are granted by others. such as pay and benefits, recognition and praise, and favorable assignments and schedules. I ntrinsic rewards are experienced internally or, in a sense self-granted. Common intrinsic rewards are feelings of satisfaction, pride, and a sense of accomplishment |
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What are the given reasons on why reward systems such as pay for performance can fail to motivate employees?
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1. Overemphasis on money 2. no appreciation effect 3. benefits become entitlements 4. Wrong behavior rewards 5. Rewards are delayed to long 6. use of one size fits all rewards 7. one shot rewards with temporary effect 8. demotivating practices such as layoffs |
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Law of effect
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behavior with favorable consequences tend to be repeated, while behavior with unfavorable consequences tends to disappear - according to Edward L. Thorndike
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Skinner refines Thorndike's conclusion by focusing on?
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Behaviorism: strictly with observable behavior
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What are the two (2) behaviors that have an important distinctions?
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1. Respondent Behavior: stimulus - response (S-R) 2. Operant Behavior: response - stimulus (R-S) |
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S-R
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Stimulus-response B F Skinner called unlearned stimulus-response reflexes respondent behavior |
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R-S
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Response-stimulus B F Skinner applied the term operate behavior to all behavior learned through experience with environmental consequences |
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Positive reinforcement
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*Strengthening behavior by contingently presenting something pleasing ex: reach all your goal you receive a bonus at the end of the quarter |
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Negative Reinforcement
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strengthening behavior by contingently withdrawing something displeasing Ex: Once an employees demonstrates the skills required to complete the job their a probation period will be lifted |
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What is the difference between negative feedback and negative reinforcement
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Key word "reinforcement" to strengthen a behavior because it provides relief from something undesirable (e.g. paperwork, meetings, and yelling).
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What the difference between negative/positive reinforcement and punishment/extinction?
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Negative/positive reinforcement are consequence management strategies that strengthen behavior Punishment and extinction weaken behavior |
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Example of extinction
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To ignore a behavior such as 9 out of 10 an employee is on time. The one (1) time you ignore the behavior
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Example of punishment
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Withdrawing something positive include docking a tardy employee's pay or forbidding the use of the internet I the classroom or at work
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