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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is crude oil? Is it pure or impure? |
A mixture of hydrocarbons, it is impure |
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What is a hydrocarbon? |
A chemical made from hydrogen and carbon molecules only. |
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How is crude oil separated: name the process and explain how it works. |
Fractional distillation: Liquid crude oil is passed into the bottom of a fractionating column, where the temperature is the highest. The different fractions of the liquid will evaporate up the column through the decreasing temperatures, until the temperature is lower than the fractions boiling point. Then, the fraction condenses. |
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Name five fractions of crude oil. |
Refinery gases, gasoline, naphtha, kerosene, diesel oil, fuel oil, bitumen |
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What are the following used for: -Refinery gases -Gasoline -Naphtha -Kerosene -Diesel oil -Fuel oil -Bitumen |
-Bottled gas -Car fuel -Making chemicals -Aircraft fuel -Car, lorry fuel -Fuel for ships, power stations -Making roads and roofs |
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Which has the highest viscosity? What is viscosity? |
Bitumen Viscosity is how easily it flows (high viscosity does not flow) |
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Which is the following is the most volatile? What is volatile? -Diesel -Bitumen -Gasoline |
Gasoline Tendency to turn into a gas. |
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What is a homologous series? |
A series of chemicals that have the same general formula. |
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What is the general formula for alkanes? Give three examples of alkanes. |
CnH2n+2 methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane... |
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What is the formula for complete combustion of fuels? What is the difference between complete and incomplete combustion? |
Fuel + Oxygen --> Carbon dioxide + water In incomplete combustion the carbon dioxide is carbon monoxide instead. |
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What is the formula for catalytic cracking? State the catalyst and condition for the reaction. |
Alkane --> Alkane + Alkene Silicon and 600-700 degrees C |
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Why do need catalytic cracking? |
To break longer chains of alkanes into smaller, more useful chains. Alkenes are used for plastics. |
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What is the general formula for alkenes? What is the difference between alkanes and alkenes? |
CnH2n Alkenes have double bonds |
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What is saturation? What is the test for saturation? |
Saturation is where all the bonds are filled with hydrogen atoms, i.e. alkanes. Add bromine water, it goes from orange to colourless when double bonds are present. (In saturated molecules the bromine cannot bond with the chemical and so there is no reaction.) |
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What are isomers? |
The same molecular formula presented differently. |
