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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Are facial bone fractures life-threatening? |
No, however there may be other injuries that are life threatening and require thorough evaluation. |
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What sequence should patients be evaluated if there is trauma? |
ATLS (Advanced Trauma Life Support) |
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What is the ATLS sequence? |
A - airway patency B - breathing (respiratory effort) C- circulatory status (bleeding) D - disability (neurological status) including cervical spine injury E - Exposure to look for occult inuries (abdominal, extremities, trunk, etc)
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What are the 3 purposes for investigating the events surrounding the accident involving a trauma patient? |
-determine the extent of injury -determine method of general anesthesia if necessary -help police determine the cause |
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What are the 3 ways to classify facial fractues? |
-location -severity -displacement and displaceability |
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What are the locations on the midface in which a fracture can occur? |
Nose Orbit Zygoma Maxillary complex |
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If a patient is hit in the eye with a baseball what kind of fracture would it most likely cause? |
Orbital blow out fracture |
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What is the middle of the mandible called? |
Symphsis |
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What connects the body of the mandible to the ramus? |
Angle |
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What defines a compound fracture? |
Whether it communicates with the environment either intra or extra orally |
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A fracture that breaks into a bunch of pieces is described how? |
Comminuted |
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What is a green stick fracture? |
incomplete fracture of flexible bone, and for this reason typically occur only in children |
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What is a simple fracture? |
Complete transection of the bone with minimal fragmentation at the fracture site. |
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If the segments are separated in a fracture this is known as? |
Displaced - separated Non-displaced - not separated |
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What are the two causes for displacement of fractures? |
-Angulation of fracture -Muscle pull at fracture site |
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What is the occipitomental view? |
Waters view |
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What view can help you evaluate the zygomatic arch? |
Submental vertex view |
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All fracture with have this sign or symptom. |
Pain |
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What are the signs and symptoms of a fracture? (10) |
Pain Swelling Limited Range of motion Laceration Bleeding Ecchymosis Malocclusion Nerve dysfunction Step deformity Tenderness |
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What fractures will cause an anterior open bite? |
Bilateral condyles and Le Forte fractures |
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What fracture will cause a unilateral open bite? |
Unilateral mandibular fractures |
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What fracture will cause a deviation on opening? |
Condylar fractures (towards the fractured side) |
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What is reduction? |
Restore anatomical integrity and alignment, including occlusion |
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What is fixation? |
Stabilizatin: holds and immobilizes fracture segments in place so that bone can heal (usually 4-6 weeks) |
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What do you call it when the jaw is wired shut? |
Maxillary-mandibular fixation (MMF) |
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What is a contusion? |
A bruise |
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What are the 4 steps in treating a laceration? |
Clean Debride Hemostatis Close |
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How much bone is loss buccal-lingually in 6 months following an extraction? |
50% |
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How much bone height is loss in the first 6months following an extraction? |
22% |
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What are the two types of defects when it come to prosthetic treatment options for an edentulous ridge? |
Teeth only defect Composite defect - teeth and soft tissue |
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What factors effect the number of implants? (6) |
Type of prosthesis Arch shape Opposing dentition Bruxism Quality of bone Implant to crown ratio |
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What are the three types of arches and which has the greatest AP spread? |
Square-Arch - least AP spread U-Arch V-Arch - most AP spread |
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What determines the AP distance? |
line drawn from the most DISTAL portion of the distalmost implant on each side of the arch and another parallel line drawn through the CENTER of the anteriormost implant from the cantilever. |
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What has the highest bite force? |
Implants |
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What has the lowest bite force? |
edentulous |
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Why do implants have a higher bite force than natural teeth? |
Natural teeth have PDLs |
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More or less implants are needed: ceramometal prosthesis |
More |
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More or less implants are needed: hybrid prosthesis |
Less |
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More or less implants are needed: U shape arch? |
More |
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More or less implants are needed: V shape arch? |
More |
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More or less implants are needed: Square shape arch? |
Less |
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More or less implants are needed: Opposing implants |
More |
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More or less implants are needed: Opposing natural teeth |
More |
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More or less implants are needed: Opposing denture/partial? |
Less |
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More or less implants are needed: Bruxism |
More |
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More or less implants are needed: D4/D3 bone quality? |
More |
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More or less implants are needed: D1/D2 bone quality? |
Less |
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More or less implants are needed: High implant crown ratio |
More |
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More or less implants are needed: Low implant crown ratio |
Less |
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What type of graft is a J-block? |
Allogenic |
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What type of graft is a ramus, chin, or tibia graft? |
Autogenous |
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What compound can be used to stimulate (induce) osteoblast differentiation? |
Bioenginnering - BMP-2 (Bone morphogenic protein) |
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What is the minimum # of screws needed in a block graft and why? |
2 screws to prevent rotational movement |
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How much bone is needed in order to do an internal sinus lift and implant at the same time? |
8-10mm |
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How much bone is needed in order to do a conventional sinus lift and implant at the same time? |
4-8mm |
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If you have less than this amount of bone than you can only do a conventional sinus life with no immediate implants. |
<4mm |
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Does implant failure increase or decrease with grafting? |
Increases |
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What are the potential complications with implants? |
-Pain, bleeding, swelling -Implant failure increases with grafting -Permanent nerve injury -sinus infection, loss of sinus graft -anesthetic risks with long cases such as full arch recon |
