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9 Cards in this Set
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What is the functional class of magnesium sulfate?
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Electrolyte
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Magnesium sulfate has the formula MgSO₄. It is often found naturally as the heptahydrate (MgSO₄·7H₂O) called epsomite or Epsom salts.
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What is the mechanism of action of magnesium sulfate?
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Physiologic calcium channel blocker and also blocks neuromuscular transmission. Hypomagnesemia can cause cardiac dysrhythmias. It is also a CNS depressant effective in the management of seizures associated with eclampsia or pregnancy. It does this by decreasing the amount of acetylcholine liberated from motor nerve terminals. Magnesium is necessary for many biochemical processes and plays a role in the transmission of electrical impulses.
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Eclampsia is an acute and life-threatening complication of pregnancy characterized by the appearance of tonic-clonic seizures. it is also known as "toxemia of pregnancy".
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What are the listed indications for magnesium sulfate?
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- Eclampsia
- Torsades de Pointes - Asthma |
Intravenous magnesium sulfate may be able to prevent cerebral palsy in preterm babies.
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What are the listed contraindications for magnesium sulfate?
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Do not administer to any patient with:
- Heart block - Shock - Persistent - Hypertension - Hypocalcemia - Myocardial damage |
Some sources include appendicitis and bowel obstruction/perforation
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What are the listed precautions for magnesium sulfate?
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- Renal failure
- Patients taking digoxin - Concomitant use of other CNS depressants or neuromuscular blocking agents |
It is recommended that magnesium sulfate not be administered in the 2 hours before delivery, if possible.
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What are the listed side effects of magnesium sulfate?
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- Hypotension
- Sedation - Confusion - N/V - Bradycardia - Pruritis - Arrhythmias - Decreased deep tendon reflexes - Respiratory depression/paralysis - Drowsiness - Muscle weakness - Complete heart block - When used immediately prior to delivery it can cause fetal hypoxia, asphyxia, arrhythmias and possible fetal intracranial bleeding |
Diarrhea is also a relatively common side-effect. Hypocalcemia has also been reported.
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What are the listed interactions of magnesium sulfate?
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Can cause cardiac conduction abnormalities when used in conjunction with digitalis
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However, magnesium sulfate can be used to treat high-level blocks caused by digitalis toxicity.
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What is the dosage and route of magnesium sulfate?
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Eclampsia: 2-4g slow IVP in 10mL NS over 5 minutes
Torsades de Pointes: 1-2g IVP diluted in 10 mL NS Asthma: 2g slow IVP in 100mL NS over 10 minutes |
NH pediatric dose for torsades is 25–50mg/kg (maximum 2g) IV over 1–2 minutes.
NH pediatric dosage for asthma is 40mg/kg in 100mL NS given IV over 20 minutes. |
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What substance can be used as an antidote to magnesium sulfate?
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Calcium chloride
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As can calcium gluconate. The actions of magnesium in neuromuscular and cardiac function are antagonized by calcium.
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