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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The earliest surviving musical instruments were made from |
Bone |
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The origins of Western music can be traced to civilizations from |
Iraq and Syria |
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In ancient Greek mythology, the lyre was associated with |
Apollo |
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What is a double recorder called? |
Aulos |
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All of the following wrote about Greek music except |
Orpheus |
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Who discovered the relationship between consonant intervals and mathematical ratios? |
Pythagoras |
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Plate asserted that music was an essential component of education because |
Studying music helps to balance mental and physical activity |
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According to Aristotle, different kinds of melodies could cause the listener to experience |
Emotions |
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According to Aristoxenus, rhythm in music closely aligns with |
Poetry |
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The Epitaph of Seikilos is a musical composition from |
Ancient Greece |
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The fragment ode from Euripides' Orestes exhibits all of the following musical qualities except |
the use of virtuosic improvisation |
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The main practice shared by early Judaism and early Christianity was |
The chanting of psalms |
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The focal point of the Christian Mass is a symbolic reenactment of |
The Last Supper |
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The schedule of days commemorating special events in the lives of Christ and the saints or times of year is called the |
Church Calendar |
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Popes and secular rulers from the eighth century on sought to standardize the Catholic liturgy in order to |
centralize political and spiritual authority |
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The Holy Roman Empire was established when |
Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne, King of the Franks, emperor |
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Why did church musicians develop a system for notating chant? |
It helped advance the goal of disseminating a unified liturgy |
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When did chant notation evolve from unheightened neumes to staff notation? |
ca. 850-1025 |
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F and C clefs were the most often used in chant notation because they are |
positioned just above the semitones in the diatonic scale |
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This writer was one of the first to articulate the concept of the seven liberal arts, which include music |
Martianus Capella |
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A melody that occupies a range from a fourth of a fifth below the final to a sixth above the final is called |
plagal |
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Which best describes a reciting tone? |
The most frequent or prominent note of a chant |
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In the Medieval Christian church, the primary purpose of liturgical music was to |
aid in the delivery of the text |
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All of the following Mass movements are parts of the Ordinary except the |
Introit |
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The cycle of prayers said throughout the day in monasteries and convents is called the |
Office |
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The liturgy of the Office focused primarily on chanting the |
psalms |
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The manner of performance in which a soloist alternates singing with a choir is called |
reponsorial |
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Because the Credo is a very long text, the musical style of Credo chants will usually be |
syllabic |
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All of the following statements about characteristics of chant melodies are true except |
melodies usually ascend to the cadence |
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A genre that consists of several stanzas, each sung to the same melody, is called a |
Hymn |
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Evidence of solo singing of certain chants during the Middle Ages comes from |
The more ornate style of some chants as compared to others |
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Which chant of the Ordinary is usually composed in a neumatic style? |
Sanctus |
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All of the following are examples of tropes except |
adding new parts for instruments such as the organ |
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Why was Hildegard of Bingen's music known only locally during her lifetime? |
Most composers in the Middle Ages had only a local reputation |
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Hildegard of Bingen did all of the following except |
officiate at Mass |
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From ca. 800 to ca. 1200, Europe experienced |
economic, educational, and artistic growth |
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An epic narrative poem describing the deeds of a heroic character is called a |
chanson de geste |
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Why do scholars believe that the surviving secular song and dance repertory represents mostly that of the upper classes of society? |
The lower social classes were nonliterate and so they could not write down their music |
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The theme of fin/ amors in trouvere songs concerns the topic of |
Respectful love toward and unattainable noble woman |
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All of the following statements are true of troubadour and trouvere melodies except |
the declamation is usually melismatic |
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Adam de la halle composed which piece? |
Jeu de Robin et de Marion |
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Adam de la Halle's Robins m'aime is in |
rondeau form |
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Walter von der Vogelweide was a famous |
Minnesinger |
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Waltehr von der Vogelweide's Palastinailed is a song about |
the Crusades |
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What kind of song is this text from? |
Cantiga |
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Which best describes a shawm? |
A double-reed instrument similar to an oboe |
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Which best describes a carole? |
A French instrumental dance |
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The earliest written polyphony exhibited all of the following musical elements that continued to occupy composers throughout the history of Western music except |
meter |
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In Organum, the voice presenting the chant is called the |
principle voice |
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Note-against-note organum offers composers freedom because |
the organal part can move in contrary, oblique, parallel, or similar motion |
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Which format best describes the presentation of the music in the original sources of Aquitanian and Notre Dame polyphony? |
The parts are aligned vertically in score format |
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In the notation of the rhythmic modes, the rhythmic duration of pitches was indicated by |
ligature patterns |
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How many rhythmic modes are there? |
6 |
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Although Anonymous IV names Leoninus and Perotinus as creators of polyphony, scholars are unsure of exactly what they wrote. Why is this? |
No surviving sources of polyphony name Leoninus or Perotinus as the composers |
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In Notre Dame-style polyphony, composers set melismas in the original chant as discant because |
setting melismas as organum would make the music too long |
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Most substitute clausulae were written in |
discant style |
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Voice exchange is when |
voices trades phrases |
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A polyphonic conductus is a setting of |
a single Latin poem sung in all voices |
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All of the following describe ways in which early thirteenth=century composers reworked motets except |
deleting the original chant and writing one or more new voices |
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The term cantus firmus, introduced around 1270, is synonymous with which of the following terms? |
Tenor |
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All of the following are names of rhythmic durations in Franconian notation except |
long |
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A composer of late 13th century exhibits a preference for |
simple, syllabic, repeating melodies |
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What effect did the Great Schism have on 14th century society? |
It weakened papal authority |
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The Romans de Fauvel is an allegory about |
corruption at the French court |
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The Roman de Fauvel includes isorhythmic motets by |
Philippe de Vitry |
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14th Century music saw an increased use of thirds and sixths as |
imperfect sonsonances |
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the following as an example of |
a hocket |
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Why is it difficult to evaluate Machaut's place in the history of 14th century music? |
Very little music by his contemporaries survives |
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Which of the following providers evidence that Machaut conceived of his polyphonic songs with the cantus, not the tenor, as the principle voice? |
At least one monophonic song appears in a lter manuscript with a tenor |
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The Italian ballata is similar in form to the |
virelai |
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All of the following guide scholars and performers about the use of voices and instruments in 14th century polyphony except |
the composers' indications in the manuscripts |
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The concept in Greek philosophy that the universe is an orderly, unified system integrating everything from mathematical proportions, astronomy, philosophy, and social structures to a person's soul is called |
Harmonia |
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Who issued the Edict of Milan, making it legal to practice Christianity in the Roman Empire |
Emporer Cenilatine |
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Why did the church fathers disapprove of using musical instruments in church? |
They believed that only music delivered Christian teaching |
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What is a neume? |
Early notation sign for melodic group |
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Why did theorists in the Middle Ages consider it a liberal Art, along with such disciplines as dialectic and arithmetic? |
They thought more about the mathematical and philosophical aspects of music |
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Who divided music into three categories? |
Boethius |
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Explain the difference between the Proper and the Ordinary texts of the Mass |
Proper texts differ in each day of the church calendar Ordinary texts are the same from week to week |
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Explain the difference between antiphonal and responsorial. |
Antiphonal is when two groups alternate. Responsorial is when a soloist alternates with a group. |
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Describe the social structure of medieval France |
Society was divided into 3 classes- nobility, clergy and peasants |
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What is meant by a text that is in a "vernacular" |
Text in the local language |
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What is a chansonnier? |
An anthology of songs |
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What was a guild? |
An organization of professional artisans |
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How did the music of the troubadours, centered in southern France, spread to other regions of Europe? |
Through the thrones of Eleanor of Aquitane, Albigensian Crusade (later) |
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Who was the first vernacular poet-composer whose complete works were collected in a manuscript? |
Adam de la Halle |
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Can this excerpt be from conductus? |
No because in conductus all voices are essentially set in the same rhthym |
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What is the difference between a substitute clausula and an early motet? |
Basically the same. The difference is in the text |
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How many voice parts are in a double motet? |
3 |
