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3 Cards in this Set
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Baddeley- encoding ltm and stm |
AIM to investigate how information is encoded in the stm and ltm
PROCEDURE -participants were given 4 sets of words that were either acoustically similar(mad,man,mat) acoustically dissimilar( cat,hot, log), semantically similar (big,large,huge) and semantically dissimilar (big, cup, pen) -the experimenter used an independent group design -participants were asked to recall the words either immediately or following a 20 minute task RESULTS participants had problems recalling acoustically similar words when recalling the word list immediately (from stm) If recalling after an interval (from ltm) they had problems with semantically similar words CONCLUSION Ltm is more likely to rely on semantic encoding and stm is more likely to rely on acoustic encoding |
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Peterson and Peterson - duration of stm |
AIM To test the duration of stm by measuring retention when rehearsal is prevented PROCEDURE -24 participants were presented with trigrams(3 random consonants) and asked to recall after either 3,6,9,15 and 18 seconds During the pause, participants were asked to count down in 3s backwards from a given number- this was an interference task - each participant did the different intervals (this means it used a repeated measures design) RESULTS As the delay increased, the ability to recall decreased After 3 seconds, about 80% of the trigrams were recalled correctly After 18 seconds, about 10% of the trigrams were recalled correctly CONCLUSION when rehearsal is prevented very little can stay in the stm for longer than about 18 seconds (15 to 30) |
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Bahrick - duration of long term memory |
AIM to investigate the duration of long term memory PROCEDURE -opportunity sample of 392 participants, that were American ex high school students and aged 17 to 74 - they were given a free recall test( list names of ex class mates) - a photo recognition test (shown photos and asked to name them) - name recognition test( given names of ex class mates and asked to match to a photo) RESULTS Within 15 years of leaving school, participants could recognise about 90% of names and faces -about 60% accurate of free recall test After 30 years of leaving of school, free recall had declined to 30 % -after 48 years, about 40% accurate on name recognition test CONCLUSION -recognition is better than recall - there may be a huge store of information but it's not always easy to access all of it- need some help |
