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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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myasthenia gravis |
muscle weakness characterized by antibodies binding to acetylcholine receptors, preventing acetylcholine from binding |
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Alzheimer's disease is characterized by a loss of what neurotransmitter? |
acetylcholine |
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Theory of mind |
Understanding the perspective of others and that they have their own thoughts separate from yours (we don't all think the same way!) |
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T/F: Correlation = Causation |
FALSE |
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What do neobehaviorists believe? |
behavior can be modified by punishments or rewards |
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Parkinson's disease is to low dopamine as ______ is to excess dopamine |
Schizophrenia |
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hallucinogens include functions? |
LSD, peyote, ketamine, psilocybin-containing mushrooms distortions of reality and fantasy, enhancement of sensory experiences, introspection |
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marijuana can act as |
depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens (at high doses) - all 3 |
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Like alcohol, barbiturates and benzodiazepines |
decrease GABA activity and increase relaxation |
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drug stimulants include? functions? |
amphetamines, ecstasy (designer amphetamine), and cocaine increase arousal |
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depressants include? functions? |
alcohol, benzodiazepines, and barbiturates reduce anxiety, increase relaxation |
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opiates/opioids include? functions? |
morphine, codeine, heroin (opioid), pain pills reduce reaction to pain, relaxation |
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Learned helplessness |
repeated failure discourages further effort even when circumstances change |
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Huntington's Disease |
Autosomal Dominant Disorder (as is early onset familial AD) |
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What are Kohlberg's three phases of moral development ? What does each entail? |
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What are Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development? What do they entail? |
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What are the stages in Erikson's theory of psychological development? What do they entail? |
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Normative social influence |
A situation where a person's behavior conforms or changes to be liked by others |
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Depth-of-processing model |
information is transferred from short-term memory to long-term memory when it is processed at deeper levels of analysis |
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Experiment designed to study in-group favoritism? |
The Robbers Cave Experiment |
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Social Identity research indicates that strong in-group identification often leads to |
stronger in-group bias |
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What is the difference between racial stereotyping, racial prejudice, and racial discrimination? |
racial stereotyping is making oversimplified ideas about people based on race racial prejudice is attitude/feelings attached to a stereotype discrimination is an action (such as those against minorities) |
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Skinner believes that punishment is not an ideal form of behavior modification because |
he believes it is only effective as long as the punishment is present |
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Primary reinforcers |
things that humans/animals do not need to learn are satisfying (i.e. basic needs) |
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Secondary reinforcers |
acquire ability to reinforce behavior based on being paired with a primary reinforcer or conditioned (i.e. money, good grades, stickers) |
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Bandura's "Bobo Doll" experiment demonstrated what phenomenon? |
Observational learning (watched an adult play nice or aggressively and were likely to repeat, or if adult was punished, unlikely to repeat) |
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Karl Marx is most associated with which theory? |
Conflict Theory |
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Conflict Theory |
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Functionalism (William James) |
in psychology, studied how mental process help individuals adapt to their environments |
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Functionalism |
in sociology, the study of structure and function of each part of society; "all parts of society must fulfill their function to be in a normal state" being ill is "deviant" (against social norm) from society and an unproductive member of society |
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social constructionism |
how individuals create their social reality through communication and working together (i.e. how we define justice, honor, work ethic, gender roles, dress, give value to paper money) |
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Maslow's hierarchy of needs |
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Normal distribution |
Mean, median, and mode at the center of distribution 68.3% within one standard deviation, 95.44% within two, 99.74% within one |
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Elevated cortisol levels correspond to an increase or decrease in depression? |
increase in depression (decrease in serotonin) |
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Speech is controlled by which side of the brain |
Left hemisphere |
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Gestalt principles |
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Working memory |
allows us to process and manipulate information held in short-term memory |
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Positive symptoms of schizophrenia |
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Social loafing |
occurs when individuals exert less effort when performing a group task than when they perform the same task independently |
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Social interference |
reduction in performance due to the presence of others |
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Social facilitation |
presence of others improves an individual's performance |
