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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name mammals |
Cats, dogs, pigs, sheep |
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Definition of anatomy |
Structure of an organism/scientific study of bodily structure of living organisms |
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Definition of physiology |
Process and functions of organisms |
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Common features of fish |
Scales, lay eggs, lives in water |
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Common features of amphibians |
Webbed feet, swims, cold blooded |
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Common features of reptiles |
Scales, carnivores, cold blooded |
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Common features of birds |
Feathers, wings, beak |
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Common features of mammals |
Warm blooded, vertebrates, hair |
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What is a ruminant animal |
Has multiple stomach compartments specialised for herbivore diet |
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What is non ruminant |
Only has 1 digestive system/stomach where food is broken down into required nutrients |
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What is an animals body composed of |
Millions of cells that has a specialised function |
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W Examples of specialised cells |
Red blood cells carry oxygen, sperm sex cells for reproduction |
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A group of similar cells is a |
Tissue |
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A group of different tissues is an |
Organ |
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A group of organs working together is a |
System |
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Examples of cells |
Red/white blood cells, sperm cells |
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Examples of tissues |
Muscle, heart, brain |
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Examples of organs |
Heart, lungs, eyes |
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Examples of body systems |
Digestive, respiratory |
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What is the muscular system |
Enables animal to.move and Control |
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What is the skeletal or support system |
Provides internal and external support (skeleton) |
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What is the digestive system |
Enables animal to breakdown food eaten and obtains energy for other body processes (contains teeth, stomach) |
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What is the circulatory system |
Transports blood throughout animals body, consists of heart, blood and arteries |
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what is the respiratory system |
includes nose, lungs, gills and windpipe, brings in oxygen and releases c02 |
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what is the urinary system |
contains kidney, bladder, ureters and urethra, enables animal to expel waste |
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what is the reproductive system |
enables animals to produce offspring, includes ovaries, testes, penis uterus and vagina |
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what is the nervous system |
enables animal to send/receive and process info, includes CNS, sensory organs and nerves |
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what is the endocrine system |
made of glands(ovary, pancreas etc), produces hormones and influence body functions (eg growth) |
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what does the skeleton do |
maintains body shape |
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what do bones do |
protects organs by surrounding them with a hard covering |
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what does the skeletal do |
bones act as levers, when muscles pull bones, body moves |
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what does the medullery do |
bones provide a store of minerals, calcium and phosphorus |
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what is bone marrow for |
red and white blood cell production |
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what are 2 types of bone tissue |
compact bone and spongy |
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what is the compact bone |
hard, white, canals surrounded by bone tissue rich in calcium, canal in centre carries blood vessels and nerves |
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what is spongy bone |
has tiny cavities, spaces filled with red bone marrow, made up of fat and blood cells |
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what are joints protected by |
cartilage, firm rubbery tissue that cushions bones at joints |
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what is skeleton of embryo made of |
cartilage |
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what is yellow bone marrow made of |
fat |
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what is ossification |
bone made of cells break down cartilage to from tissue to protect baby during birth |
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know skeleton |
oki |
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what are joints |
2 bones meet, holds skeleton together and allows movement |
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fixed joints |
allow no movement, help form protective barrier. |
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slightly movable joints |
only move a small amount, has pads of cartilage that allow small movements |
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synovial joint |
allow movement in various direction, covered in a layer of slippery cartilage, joints filled with fluid to protect |
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what does slippy cartilage do |
reduces friction and protects bone |
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ball and socket joint |
allow movement in all direction (shoulder) |
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hinge joint |
only move some direction, elbow |
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pivot joint |
necks, side to side |
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fixed joint |
bones fused together, (protect joint) |
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what are muscles made of |
fibre and protein |
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what happens when muscle contracts |
thicker and fatter |
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muscle relax |
long and thin |
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skeletal muscle |
attached to bones, allows movement |
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heart muscle |
never stops working |
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smooth muscle |
around organs,arteries and veins |
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what are ligaments and tendons |
tissue rich in collagen, helps movement in bone and keeps structure together |
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what is a ligament |
connects bone to bone |
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what is a tendon |
connects muscle to bone |
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what is antagonistic |
skeletal muscles that work in pairs, one relax and other contracts |
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what is cellular respiration |
sugars and oxygen are used up in mitochondria to produce energy |
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why do cells need energy |
to grow, divide and perform functions |
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end products of respiration |
co2, water and ADP |
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where does respiration take place |
mitochondria |
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why do warm blooded animals breathe more |
we need more energy to regulate body temp |
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order of breathing system |
nasal chamber, larynx, trachea and bronchi |
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what are bronchi and trachea lined with |
hairs (cillia), covered with sticky mucus to trap dust etc to be pushed to oesophagus and swallowed |
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branches of bronchus in lungs |
bronchioles |
