Learning - 4 - Classical Conditioning Mechanisms

Front 1

blocking effect

Back 1

interference with the conditioning of a novel stimulus because of the presence of a previously conditioned stimulus.

Front 2

comparator hypothesis

Back 2

the idea that conditioned responding depends on a comparison between the associative strength of the CS and the associative strength of other cues present during training of the target CS.

Front 3

conditioned compensatory response

Back 3

a CR opposite in form to the reaction elicited by the US and which therefore compensates for this reaction.

Front 4

counterconditioning
התניית נגד

Back 4

a conditioning procedure that reverses the organism's previous response to a stimulus (eg. an animal conditioned to approach a stimulus which initially elicited withdrawal reactions).
להכניס גירוי שכבר עבר התניה ממשפחה אחת להתניה ממשפחה אחרת.

Front 5

CS preexposure effect
(latent inhibition effect)

Back 5

interference with conditioning produced by repeated exposures to the CS before the conditioning trials.

Front 6

drug tolerance

Back 6

reduction in the effectiveness of a drug as a result of repeated use of the drug.

Front 7

higher-order conditioning

Back 7

a procedure in which a previous CS1 is used to condition a new stimulus CS2.

Front 8

relative waiting time hypothesis

Back 8

the idea that conditioned responding depends on how long the organism has to wait for the US in the presence of the CS, as compared to how long the organism has to wait for the US in the experimental situation irrespective of the CS.

Front 9

S-R learning

Back 9

the learning of an association between a Stimulus and a Response, with the result that the stimulus comes to elicit the response.

Front 10

S-S learning

Back 10

the learning of an association between two Stimuli, with the result that exposure to one of the stimuli comes to activate a representation, or mental image, of the other stimulus.

Front 11

sensory preconditioning

Back 11

a procedure in which one biologically weak stimulus CS2 is repeatedly paired with another biologically weak stimulus CS1. then, CS1 is conditioned with a US. in a later test trial, CS2 will also elicit the CR even though CS2 was never directly paired with the US (eg, square + triangle).

Front 12

stimulus substitution

Back 12

the idea that the outcome of classical conditioning is that organisms come to respond to the CS in much the same way that they respond to the US.

Front 13

US preexposure effect

Back 13

interference with the conditioning produced by repeated exposures to the US before the conditioning trials.

Front 14

US devaluation

Back 14

reduction in the attractiveness of a US, usually achieved by aversion conditioning or satiation.

Front 15

SOP - standard operating procedures / sometimes opponent process

Back 15

explains performance and learning in classical conditioning. model of how stimuli are processed by the nervous system. each stimulus is presumed to have a primary effect A1 and a secondary effect A2. A1 starts, A2 gradually takes over.
excitatory association - A1 of CS overlaps with A1 of US > CS-US association is learned > CS elicits its own A1 and A2 state and only the US's A2 state.
sometimes the US's A2 is opposite of its A1 like in drugs and thats why the CR is the opposite of the UR.
the associative strength depends on the CS-US interval.

Front 16

AESOP - "affective extension" of SOP

Back 16

considers the motivational-emotional aspects of the US in addition to the sensory features.
a US elicits two sets of A1 and A2. one set = sensory features, and the other set = emotional features. emotional reactivity is slower than sensory, and this set is longer lasting.
explains why a CS can simultaneously be excitatory according to some US features and inhibitory according to others.