Jazz Appreciation Test #2

Front 1

With African Tribal music, _______ participation is commonplace. Everyone participates, not just a gifted few.

Back 1

Mass

Front 2

With African Tribal music, _______ is an important part of everyday life. All _______: weddings, births, deaths, etc. celebrated through music.

Back 2

Music, rituals

Front 3

With African Tribal Music, _______ rhythms/_______ are prevalent throughout African Music, which is one of the foundations that _______ is built upon.

Back 3

Cross, polymeters, jazz

Front 4

The vocal quality in _______ Music resulted in shouts, cries, rasps, bends. _______ instrumentalists later incorporated these characteristics.

Back 4

African Tribal, Jazz

Front 5

An important link between the music of Africa & Jazz was _______ and _______, an important type of musical participation that originated from _______ music.

Back 5

call, response, african tribal

Front 6

African tribal music was fundamentally _______ and _______ prominent.

Back 6

rhythmic, improvisation

Front 7

_______ Culture was American Transplantation of African Tribal Music.

Back 7

Slave

Front 8

When we are studying the development of Jazz, we have to concern ourselves with the _______ the slave made to fit into a new culture.

Back 8

modifications

Front 9

Field in New Orleans where slaves were allowed to engage in tribal customs and drumming

Back 9

Congo Square

Front 10

Slaves developed a musical practice of their own, which combined _______ man's musical elements with their own.

Back 10

white

Front 11

A slave culture song type that took white gospel harmonies & added own vocal inflections? They had sad titles, in hopes of _______ (Ex: Sometimes I Feel Like a Motherless Child - Paul Robeson)

Back 11

Spiritual, releasing

Front 12

A slave culture song type whose purpose was to keep mood up, increase productivity, rhythm in which to work? They had _______ and _______.

Back 12

work song, leader, respondants

Front 13

A slave culture song type that used word masking (innocent words that mean something else), shouts, cries; a form of communicating?

Back 13

Field Holler

Front 14

In Slave Culture, _______ instruments were used (whatever they could get their hands on).

Back 14

Ad Hoc

Front 15

In Slave Culture, _______ influences began to enter into the music; Instruments, harmony.

Back 15

European

Front 16

Court case ruling that blacks were separate but equal. Also stated that if you had a drop of black blood in your ancestry, you were black.

Back 16

Plessy vs. Ferguson

Front 17

How did Slave Culture affect Jazz? It combined educated _______ & others of mixed blood with "Pure" _______; breaking down the stratification of _______ Culture.

Back 17

Creoles, blacks, black

Front 18

The text of the Blues was basically a _______ and _______ form. The text is typically _______ lines. Each stanza or phrase is a complete _______. Text is often topical.

Back 18

call, response, 3, story

Front 19

What do the 3 lines of the blues consist of?

Back 19

A= Statement
A1= Repetition
B= Response (usually rhyme)

Front 20

The Blues commonly discuss _______ and _______. It is a very _______ form of communication. Early blues acts were _______ acts which maximized _______ & _______ (new lyrics, harmonies).

Back 20

men, women, personal, solo, freedom, improvisation

Front 21

Rural/Country Blues was a product of Rural _______. The music was for _______/_______ function. The performers were often _______ or _______. It was usually sung by _______ and was mostly improvised.

Back 21

south, personal, community, blind, disabled, men

Front 22

Rural/Country Blues had a rough _______ & _______. It had little _______, free _______, and was not usually _______ bars. It had simple music and chord _______. It was sung alone or with _______ accompaniment, unsophisticated music.

Back 22

style, diction, structure, forms, 12, progressions, guitar

Front 23

A Blues singer's early role model, work song leader and convicted felon, brought to NY by Lomaxes

Back 23

Huddie "Leadbelly" Leadbetter

Front 24

Who was influenced heavily by Huddie "Leadbelly" Leadbetter?

Back 24

Robert "Noah" Johnson

Front 25

Who developed the slide guitar technique and was poisoned for messing around with another man's wife?

Back 25

Robert "Noah" Johnson

Front 26

Location of City/Urban Blues?

Back 26

North

Front 27

What type of music discusses city life... crime, paying the rent, getting food, etc.?

Back 27

City/Urban Blues

Front 28

Were City/Urban Blues performers paid?

Back 28

Yes, they were professionals

Front 29

City/Urban blues had _______ performers, and were audience concert oriented (for _______). It was readily adopted by _______ world, and often-times focused on _______-oriented subjects.

Back 29

women, entertainment, white, sex

Front 30

City/Urban Blues had a _______-theatrical style. It was performed with _______ (jazz band) accompaniment, had little _______ (blues with lyrics, written out blues). It had steady _______, and used standard blues chord changes & lengths (_______ bar blues).

Back 30

smooth, instrumental, improvisation, tempi, 12-16 bar blues

Front 31

A _______ writes new original music.

Back 31

composer

Front 32

A(n) _______ takes previously composed music & arranges it in the way they'd like it to be played; not original.

Back 32

arranger

Front 33

Whose most famous composition was "St. Louis Blues"?

Back 33

W.C. Handy

Front 34

Mother of the Blues

Back 34

Ma Rainey

Front 35

Who was an early city blues role model (woman)?

Back 35

Ma Rainey

Front 36

Who was one of the first black female vocalists to perform blues with jazz band accompaniment?

Back 36

Ma Rainey

Front 37

Empress of the Blues

Back 37

Bessie Smith

Front 38

Everything about Bessie Smith was _______. Volume of _______ was tremendous. She was 5'9", 210 pounds. She began making records for Columbia, making $_______ per year, which was a lot during the Depression. Her records sold in large numbers, her value to club owners increased. Received up to _______ a week for personal appearances. She died in a car accident.

Back 38

imposing, voice, $20,000, $2,500

Front 39

Effects of the Blues on Instrumental Jazz:
(Reasons why the blues became an important vehicle for jazz musicians)
- The blues is an extremely _______ form.
- The blues can be _______ altered to be as complex as the compose/performer desires.
- The blues is common to all _______ players. This provides all future jazz players a common ground to work with.

Back 39

flexible, harmonically, jazz

Front 40

What type of music (1895-1917) originated from the "cakewalk" dance?

Back 40

Ragtime

Front 41

Characteristics of Ragtime:
- primarily a _______ music
- no _______ -> written out
- "Ragged Time", simple _______ rhythms
-_______-like
- Piano _______ became popular, very mechanical
- Called for _______

Back 41

piano, improvisation, syncopated, machine, rolls, publication

Front 42

The form of ragtime was derived form the _______ form.
- _______ bar intro
- Usually _______ distinct themes
- Contains a _______(D.C. al fine) and a _______
- Has a _______ (contrasting section) - new key, idea, everything

Back 42

march, 4, 4, da capo, fine, trio

Front 43

contrasting section in ragtime music, where there's a new key, idea, everything

Back 43

trio

Front 44

Locations & Happenings of Ragtime:
_______, MO
_______, LA

Back 44

Sedalia, New Orleans

Front 45

In 1897 (Ragtime era), New Orleans mayor, Sidney Story, passed an ordinance moving all houses of prostitution to a 38 square block area which become known as _______. (1500-2200 registered prostitutes)

Back 45

Storyville

Front 46

In Storyville, the brothers needed music so jazz _______ got lots of opportunity to work. Small spaces forced pianists to work alone. Storyville brought _______ and _______ musicians together.

Back 46

pianists, black, tan

Front 47

composition of ragtime

Back 47

rag

Front 48

Piano Technique of Ragtime:
- Left Hand- _______ (Harmony/Chords; Boom-chuck)
- Right Hand- _______ melody

Back 48

leaping, syncopated

Front 49

William Krell was a _______ during the Ragtime era.

Back 49

composer

Front 50

Who's composition, Mississippi Rag, was the first piece of music to be labeled a "rag"?

Back 50

William Krell

Front 51

_______ music was the first black music to achieve widespread popularity & acclaim.

Back 51

Ragtime

Front 52

Who was the most popular person in ragtime?

Back 52

Scott Joplin

Front 53

consummate genius of ragtime

Back 53

Scott Joplin

Front 54

Scott Joplin received _______ training in music theory, composition, and was exposed to opera and other traditional large forms of music. He attended George Smith College for negroes where he studied _______. Joplin believed in the importance of _______. His education was a decisive factor in establishing a framework for classic _______.

Back 54

formal, composition, education, ragtime

Front 55

The name of Joplin's first set of published rags (Maple Leaf Rag is part of this collection)

Back 55

Original Rags

Front 56

Joplin and other ragtime composers viewed themselves as American _______ Composers.

Back 56

Classical

Front 57

In 1903, Scott Joplin wrote his first opera, _______.

Back 57

Guest of Honor

Front 58

In 1912, Scott Joplin completed his second opera "Treemonisha". His music influenced the shape & spirit of much of America's _______ century music.

Back 58

20th

Front 59

Who composed 600 rags, 2 operas and 1 ballet? (famous ragtime composer)

Back 59

Scott Joplin

Front 60

Ragtime evolved into the solo piano style known as _______.

Back 60

Stride

Front 61

a piano style of the swing era

Back 61

Stride

Front 62

1915-1935: Stride
Features:
1. _______
2. Popular tunes interpreted in a _______ fashion
3. Generally _______ tempos
4. Formal structure of _______ ignored
5. Heavily influenced by _______ classical musicians because it was a very technical type of music.
6. _______ playing
7. _______ Coast/ _______ City

Back 62

Improvisation, jazz, faster, ragtime, european, virtuosic, east, New York

Front 63

Stride:
Like ragtime, stride performers still played _______ notes with left hand. Right hand was very _______, improvisation.

Back 63

bass, technical

Front 64

two opposite piano styles

Back 64

stride & ragtime

Front 65

"Father" of stride

Back 65

James P. Johnson

Front 66

_______ was to stride what Huddy Leadbetter was to blues... a transitional figure connecting two styles, in this case, ragtime with stride.

Back 66

James P. Johnson

Front 67

A composer/stride pianist who was a very popular musical figure. He began as _______ movie organist at Lincoln theatre. He listened to and copied _______ by James P. Johnson. He played a command recital for _______. He also wrote several stage shows such as: _______.

Back 67

Thomas "Fats" Waller, silent, piano rolls, Al Capone, Hot Chocolate/Tan Toppics

Front 68

Quintessential stride player

Back 68

Art Tatum

Front 69

A blind stride piano player who had astounding technique, classical greats envied him

Back 69

Art Tatum

Front 70

What form of music originated in the 20s when white groups began copying blacks?

Back 70

Dixieland

Front 71

What function did the cornet/trumpet have in the early new orleans dixieland?

Back 71

melody

Front 72

What function did the clarinet have in the early new orleans dixieland?

Back 72

arpeggios above cornet, fast lines, obligato

Front 73

What function did the trombone have in the early new orleans dixieland?

Back 73

embellished basslines

Front 74

What function did the tuba have in the early new orleans dixieland?

Back 74

root or bottom note of chord

Front 75

What function did the banjo have in the early new orleans dixieland?

Back 75

chords

Front 76

What function did the drums have in the early new orleans dixieland?

Back 76

rhythm & effects

Front 77

Early New Orleans Dixieland is like a _______ band.

Back 77

marching

Front 78

Why was the banjo used instead of a guitar in Early New Orleans Dixieland?

Back 78

It is louder, carries better.

Front 79

Characteristics of New Orleans Dixieland:
- Group or collective _______. Horn players (front line) improvise contrapuntal melodies above the steady tempo of the rhythm section.
- Flat _______ Rhythm - ;play chords on every beat
- _______ and _______- from African tribal music
- _______/Trumpet: "King"

Back 79

improvisation, 4, call, response, cornet

Front 80

Who became the essence of Dixieland music?

Back 80

Louis Armstrong

Front 81

Who makes up the front line in New Orleans Jazz?

Back 81

trombone, cornet, clarinet

Front 82

Who was responsible for "fixing" the instrumentation used in dixieland groups?

Back 82

Buddy Bolden (cornet)

Front 83

Who was the cornetist that was the mentor of Louis Armstrong?

Back 83

Joseph "King" Oliver

Front 84

Joseph "King" Oliver was the leader of the _______ Jazz Band. In 1918, he moved to Chicago, close to Storyville for work. Later he sent for _______ to join his band. He was one of the early cornet soloists to employ different _______ sounds such as the plunger and derby.

Back 84

Creole, Armstrong, muted

Front 85

Who was the group that recorded the first Dixieland Jazz Record?

Back 85

Original Dixieland Jass (Jazz) Band

Front 86

Ferdinand Joseph "Jelly Roll" Morton introduced many new ideas & innovations to jazz. He was the first to introduce the _______ feel. He used various formal designs & styles.He used contrasts in musical compositions.

Back 86

swing

Front 87

Who was Jazz's first great arranger?

Back 87

Ferdinand Joseph "Jelly Roll" Morton

Front 88

What was the name of Ferdinand Joseph "Jelly Roll" Morton's band?

Back 88

Red Hot Peppers

Front 89

Chicago Style Dixieland came about as a result of a move from New Orleans for _______/_______.

Back 89

jobs, technology

Front 90

What are some of the differences with Chicago Style Dixieland from New Orlean Style?
- _______ replaces clarinet.
- _______ replaces banjo.
- Intros/endings more _______
- More complex _______ added
- Individual _______ featured
- Less emphasis on _______ rhythm (start to hear swing)

Back 90

saxophone, guitar, arranged, harmonies, soloists, flat 4

Front 91

Some of Louis Armstrong's nicknames were:

Back 91

Po[ps, Satchmo

Front 92

Who had humble beginnings in crime-ridden neighborhood in New Orleans?

Back 92

Louis Armstrong

Front 93

Louis Armstrong joined _______ Creole Jazz Band in Chicago, and musically and technically surpasses all other members of band. His _______ was so powerful the recording engineer put him 20 ft behind others at his first recording session. In 1924, he joins Fletcher Anderson's band in _______ & instantly gains admiration for his great abilities.

Back 93

King Oliver's, tone, NYC

Front 94

What was the first band under Louis Armstrong's name?

Back 94

Hot Five & Hot Seven

Front 95

Louis Armstrong became America's first jazz _______ on a trip to England.

Back 95

ambassador

Front 96

Most popular recording of Louis Armstrong's career, though musically not very valuable

Back 96

Hello Dolly (1964)

Front 97

Louis Armstrong starred in several _______.

Back 97

motion pictures

Front 98

First great jazz soloist

Back 98

Louis Armstrong

Front 99

Louis Armstrong transcended his instrument to influence all _______ and _______.

Back 99

instrumentalists, vocalists

Front 100

Who *recorded* first scat solo and extended the role of soloists?

Back 100

Louis Armstrong

Front 101

Louis Armstrong expands _______ and _______ possibilities. He used a wide range of dramatic effects such as _______ and _______. He had an unparalleled sense of _______ and _______.

Back 101

range, technical, vibrato, glissandi, rhythm, timing

Front 102

Louis Armstrong was a great _______! His solos seemed like compositions, have form & great communication.

Back 102

improviser

Front 103

Jazz's First Great Composer & Arranger

Back 103

Jelly Roll Morton

Front 104

First Jazz Musician to star in major motion picture

Back 104

Louis Armstrong

Front 105

What was Louis Armstrong featured in for the first time in 1931?

Back 105

His First Movie, Ex-Flame

Front 106

Who was the leader of the Original Dixieland Jazz Band and what did he play?

Back 106

Nick LaRocca, cornet

Front 107

Whose death was blamed on a voodoo spell?

Back 107

Jelly Roll Morton

Front 108

Who first called Joe Oliver, "King?"

Back 108

Kid Ory

Front 109

What was Louis Armstrong's biggest selling record?

Back 109

Hello Dolly

Front 110

What was the name of the first record ever recorded?

Back 110

Livery Stable Blues

Front 111

Name one sideman in the Red Hot Peppers.

Back 111

Kid Ory

Front 112

What was the name of Louis Armstrong's band?

Back 112

Hot Fives and Sevens

Front 113

What instrument did King Oliver first play?

Back 113

trombone

Front 114

What was the name of Jelly Roll's band?

Back 114

Red Hot Peppers

Front 115

Dixieland's repertoire is generally more _______, _______ than New Orleans Jazz.

Back 115

predictable, consistent

Front 116

The clarinet plays pattern of melodies around _______ and _______.

Back 116

clarinet, trombone

Front 117

Small Group Front Line Instruments?

Back 117

cornet, trumpet, clarinet

Front 118

an American jazz cornetist, jazz pianist, and composer of the 1920s

Back 118

Bix Beiderbecke