Jazz History Test Three

Front 1

Cool Style

Back 1

Created as a reaction against the Bop Era.
Bop was too fiery, aggressive playing style, and edgy.
Cool was more reserved, contrast to bop.
Lyrical
Relaxed Tempos
Quieter Dynamics
Often used larger bands, not as large as swing bands though.
Used new orchestral instruments.
Western European Classical Influence.

Front 2

Miles Davis

Back 2

Cool style musician.
Trumpet Player.
Cooler, Smoother Style.
Known as a "Visionary" , senses new directions of music and finds unique voice.

Front 3

"Birth of the Cool"

Back 3

Record produced by Miles Davis.
Cool Jazz Style.
Includes French Horn.
Many of the arrangements by Gil Evans and Gerry Mulligan.

Front 4

Modern Jazz Quartet

Back 4

John Lewis-Piano
Milt Jackson-Vibraphone
Connie Kaye-Drums
Percy Heath-Bass

John Lewis brought classical influence to band.
Bring Jazz from a club setting into the concert halls.

Front 5

Dave Brubeck Quartet

Back 5

Dave Brubeck-Piano
Paul Desmond-Alto Sax

Dave Brubeck was a classically trained pianist.
Extremely Popular Band.

Front 6

"Take 5"

Back 6

Song by Dave Brubeck Quartet.
Song in 5/4 meter.
Big Hit.

Front 7

Stan Getz

Back 7

Cool Musician.
Played Tenor Sax.

Front 8

Gerry Mulligan

Back 8

Cool Musician.
Along with Gil Evans, composed many of Miles Davis arrangements.

Front 9

Chet Baker

Back 9

Cool Musician
Played Trumpet

Front 10

Lee Konitz

Back 10

Cool Musician.
Played alto sax.

Front 11

Third Stream Music

Back 11

Jazz which combines many elements of classical music.
Melding of classical and jazz.
More written out music, linger compositions.
Still involves improvisation.

Front 12

Gunther Schuller

Back 12

Important Arranger and Composer of Third Stream Music.

Front 13

Charles Mingus

Back 13

Wrote several important third stream compositions.
C.Q. A great bass player and composer.
Extension of Duke Ellington
Known for his Churchy Style
Pollitcal messages within his music.

Front 14

Third stream music combined?

Back 14

Jazz and Classical Music

Front 15

Hard Bop

Back 15

Extension of Bop.
"Funky" Rythmic Feel.
Hard; more driving, less relaxed than cool.
Returns to Roots, lots of blues.
Replaced Bop elements with Gosphel elements.
Return to simplified blues statements which enhances communications between players.
Mix of funky and gosphel sounds.

Front 16

Horace Silver

Back 16

Hard Bop Musician.
Pianist.
Helps to develope hard bop.
Introduced the funky style found in hard bop.

Front 17

Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers

Back 17

Leader in hard bop.
Drummer and bandleader.
Song became the the theme song of hard bop.
Hard bop trend setters.
Hard driving ryhthmic feel from the drums.
Blakey used many young musicians to accompany.

Front 18

Clifford Brown

Back 18

Influenced by Dizzy
Very melodical.
Early tragic death in car accident
Technical Mastery.

Front 19

Max Roach/Clifford Brown Band

Back 19

One of the greatest hard bop bands ever.

Front 20

Sonny Rollins

Back 20

Great Hard Bop Tenor Player.
Improvisation apporach uses a thematic motivic approach.

Front 21

Motific Approach

Back 21

Short musical ideas or fragments of a melody to develop long solos.

Front 22

Bill Evans

Back 22

Great Piano Player.
Played with Miles Davis band for a year on a famous album "Kind Of Blue"

Front 23

Sandra Vaughn

Back 23

Wide Range of Vocals
Gifted Pianist
Considered her voice as an instrument and her self as a musician before a vocalist.

Front 24

Wes Montgomery

Back 24

Swings.
Guitarist with influence similr to that of Charlie Christian.
Hard Bop Musician.

Front 25

Blue Note Record Label

Back 25

Captured a Hard Bop Sound.

Front 26

Jazz Mainstream

Back 26

Developed from Hard Bop and is the most common form of Jazz today.
Great singers from this period.

Front 27

Frank Sinatra

Back 27

Jazz Mainstream Singer

Front 28

Lee Morgan

Back 28

Hard Bop and Modal Jazz trumpeter and composer.

Front 29

Wayne Shorter

Back 29

Saxaphonist.
Played with Art Blakey and Miles Davis.

Front 30

Freddie Hubbard

Back 30

Trumpeter
Played mainly bebop and hard bop.

Front 31

Jimmy Smith

Back 31

Played the electric organ.
Hardbop and mainstream jazz player.

Front 32

Billie Holiday

Back 32

Great mainstream jazz vocalist.

Front 33

Ella Fitzgerald

Back 33

Great mainstream jazz vocalist.

Front 34

Eddie Jefferson

Back 34

Great mainstream jazz vocalist.

Front 35

Joe Williams

Back 35

Great mainstream jazz vocalist.

Front 36

Miles Davis First Great Quintet

Back 36

Philly Joe Jones, Paul Chambers, Red Garland, John Coltrane, Julius Cannonball Adderly.
Goes big when signs with Columbia.
Use of Harmond Mute Associated with the style.

Front 37

Modal Jazz

Back 37

Associate with Miles Davis.
Modes are scales, each chord is associated with a scale, modes provide improvisers with notes to use in their solos; slow moving harmonic rhythm.

Front 38

Miles Davis Second Great Quintet

Back 38

Tony Williams-Drums
Wayne Shorter-Tenor Sax
Herbie Hancock-Piano
Ron Carter-Bass
Miles Davis-Trumpet

Front 39

Miles Davis's Fusion Stage

Back 39

Later life.
Fuses jazz with dance music, mainly using electric instruments.
Influenced by Hendrix, James Brown, and electric vamps.

Front 40

Fusion

Back 40

When two different styles are fused together to create a hybrid style that has characteristics of both previous styles.

Front 41

Bitches Brew

Back 41

Sold 400,000 Copies in the first year.
Fusion Composition by Miles Davis.