Human Sex Chapter 9 And 19

Front 1

Data sources for childhood sexuality?

Back 1

•Surveys to recall childhood sexual behaviour

PROBLEMS?

–How accurately would someone who is 60 years old, recall their sexual behaviour at age 10?

•Interviews of children

–raises ethical issues•

Talking computer interviews –

•Example: Canadian Youth, Sexual Health, and HIV/AIDS Study

Front 2

Infant sexual experiences?

Back 2

•Erections

•Masturbation(self-stimulation) –normal

•Infant-infant encounters -sexual encounters –gazing, patting, kissing

•Non-genital sensual experiences –bathing, cuddles

•Attachment-psychological bond that forms between an infant and the mother, father, or other caregiver

•Knowingabout boy-girl differences

Front 3

early childhood sexual experiences?

Back 3

•Masturbation –pleasurable and normal behaviour

–children learn that masturbation is private behaviour during this period

•Same-sex behaviour–sexual play with one’s own gender during late childhood and preadolescence may be common

•Some other sex play –boys and girls may hold hands or “play doctor”

•May have “crushes” later in childhood

Front 4

preadolescent sexual experiences?

Back 4

•Around 10 first puberty changes occur

•Other-sex behaviour–May experience first sexual attraction

–Boys and girls who are attracted to the same gender may do some sexual questioning

•Boys and girls learn about masturbation in different ways–Why?

Preadolescence (8 to 12 Years)

•Same-sex behaviour quite common due to preadolescent social organization.

–Sex-segregated or homosocial -social grouping in which genders/sexes are separate from each other

•Dating–Pre and early adolescence is a period of transition in social relationships–By age 10 or 11 children begin to spend time in mixed gender groups

Front 5

sexuality in adolescence?

Back 5

•Period of large physical, cognitive, and emotional changes

•Menarche begins for girls, males experience semenarche

•Secondary sex characteristics develop

•Puberty starts for girls at age 10–11

•Puberty starts for boys at age 12–13

•Many develop close intimate relationships or experience first lov

Front 6

what is the influence of media on sex in adolescents?

Back 6

12% boys and 15% girls in Grade 9: information about sex = magazines and television●Research found that media portrayals reinforce stereotype views of sexual behaviour and sexual relationships

Front 7

what is the concern with sexualization of girls?

Back 7

person’s only value comes from his or her sexual appeal

●physical attractiveness is linked to being sexy

●a person is a sexual object

●More recently sexualization of men on TV in new ways

Front 8

same sex behaviour facts

Back 8

•About 10% adolescents same-sex sexual experiences

•In British Columbia, in one survey of students Grades 7-12, 9% female and 8% of males identified as bisexual, gay, lesbian, or not sure

Front 9

facts about sex in teens

Back 9

By 17 (Grade 11) almost half the students report they have had intercourse

–In most countries, more teens are having sex–In Canada, gap closing between males and females

–some variation (moderate) amongst various ethnic groups

–Large variations from one country to another

Front 10

what are adolescent romantic relationships like?

Back 10

•“Being with someone” or “being together” or “going out” occurs at younger ages

•These relationships now occur at a younger age and legitimize sexual activity

•Serial monogamy -while in a relationship the partners are monogamous, when relationship ends partners move on to another partner

Other relationships:

–Friends with benefits –another name for casual sex, on an ongoing basis

–Hooking up –one time, no strings casual sex

Front 11

problems with sexuality and adolescent development?

Back 11

•Conflicts –our society sends a double message–On one hand many permissive messages (everyone is having sex) on another, there are restrictive messages

•Adolescent condom use

–54% of Grade 9 students and 41% Grade 11 students reported using a condom the first time they had intercourse

–Condom use more frequent in casual sex or at the beginning of a relationship

–More likely to engage in unsafe sex when drinking

Front 12

sex and technology statistics?

Back 12

•Facebook

–Approximately 90% of teens and young adults

–Self-disclosure through online communication

•Sexting–Sexual messages or images via cellphones

•59% young adults, 39% of teens have sent or posted sexually suggestive messages via text, email or IM

•33% young adults, 20% teens, posted nude/semi-nude pictures

Front 13

when are first experiences more positive?

Back 13

if the experience was within a valued relationship and took place in the absence of drugs and alcohol

Front 14

whats the sexual double standard?

Back 14

girls-loss of purity

boys- rite of passage

Front 15

whats the greatest prediction of early pregnancy?

Back 15

ineffective and inconsistent use of contraception

Front 16

Teen pregnancy stats?

Back 16

•Research indicates adolescents use contraception inconsistently

•Rate of teen pregnancy in Canada is 2.7% of all teen girls

•Canadian rate is half of that of the United States

•Highest rates of teen pregnancy in Canada–Quebec–Prairie provinces–Territories

Front 17

what is dating like for lgbtq?

Back 17

•Dating for LGBTTIQQ teens can be confusing

•There is a lack of partners and social disapproval

•May date opposite sex partners in order to experiment with sexuality or mask sexual orientation

•Bullying of LGBTTIQQ teens is regrettably very pervasive across Canada

•Bullying can have a variety of detrimental effects, including anxiety, depression, and even suicide

Front 18

what are the 2 main goals for sex education in canada?

Back 18

Promoting positive sexual health outcomes, such as rewarding sexual relationships and informed reproductive decisions

•Reducing negative sexual health outcomes, such as STIs, unintended pregnancy, and coercive se

Front 19

IMB model

Front 20

2 types of sex ed programs in north america?

Back 20

comprehensive programs that teach about both abstaining from sexual activities and learning strategies to avoid unwanted pregnancies and STIs

•Abstinence only programs which solely promote refraining from sex before marriag

Front 21

critisisms of abstinence only curriculum?

Back 21

it withholds vital information necessary for good decision making

•It ignores sexual diversity, and particularly disadvantages sexually experienced youth as well as LGBBTIQQ yout

Front 22

effectiveness of sex ed in canada?

Back 22

needs to be regularly evaluated

Front 23

institutional barriers to sex ed?

Back 23

•Too often, public opinion rather than research guides government policy on sex education

•Canada is overall a reasonably accepting and progressive country—as of 2005, same-sex marriage was nationally ratified

•However, sex education remains very heterosexist in orientation

•Wide protests in 2010 when curriculum was proposed to introduce topic of sexual diversit

Front 24

whats the current state of sex ed?

Back 24

Highly variable

•Gradually improving

•Sex educators are more likely to see sex as benign rather than negative

•Majority of students still rate their sex ed as poor or non-existen

Front 25

sex ed stats

Back 25

85% of parents want sexual health education •92% of students in one survey

•Studies included topics such as:–Puberty–Reproduction–Sexual orientation–Relationships –And more!

Front 26

marriage stats?

Back 26

95% of Canadian adults marry

●Average age females is 28.5 and for males 30.6

●The never married -adults who have never been married

●Many never married live in common-law relationships

Front 27

whats being single like?

Back 27

Single scene –speed dating

•Hundreds of Internet dating sites

•A survey of 769 Canadian university students found that 18% of the men and 10% of the women had used an online dating site in the last year

Front 28

whats cohabitation?

Back 28

Living together

•Common-law relationship•Has become an increasingly common alternative to marriage

•2006 Canadian Census said that 16% of Canadians were in a common-law relationship

•71% of cohabiting couples have sex 1+/week (compared to married couples at 60%)

Front 29

getting married stats

lol aiden ur gonna hate these cards

Back 29

Getting Married

•In 2008, the average age of first marriage for women was 29.1, and 31.1 for men

•In 1972, the average age of first marriage for women was 22.5, and 24.9 for men

•Trend may be related to more years spent acquiring greater education and paying off debt from student loans

•Moreover, there is more financial independence for women today and less stigma about having children outside of marriage or later in lif

Front 30

what does marriage equality look like now?

Back 30

marriage equality achieved in Canada as of 2005

•2006 Census says there are 7,500 same-sex married couples

•Some additional psychological pressure in heterosexual marriage (compared to pre-marriage)–negotiating roles –who does what?–sexual problems may become more of a source of dissatisfaction once rose-coloured glasses are off–hard to find time for sex in this age of dual earne

Front 31

frequency of intercourse ?

Back 31

•U.S. spouses in their 20s: sex 3x/week –declines with age

•Couples in their 50s reported having sex 1x/week

•Decline after first year -habituation

•Decline in ongoing years may reflect physical factors that can occur due to aging

Front 32

Whats marital sex like?

Back 32

•Masturbation–Normal to continue even in a marriage

•Techniques–16% of married reported that sex lasts 15 minutes or less–9% of marrieds reported sex lasted more one hour or more–increased popularity of oral sex over past half century

•Negotiating sex–Sexual scripts –direct or indirect invitations, ritualized times for sex “Saturday Night

Front 33

what is extradyadic sex?

Back 33

•22–25 per cent of men and 11–15 per cent of women report having extramarital sex

•Profile of an individual most likely to engage in extramarital sex: male, educated, less religious, more sexual interests, permissive sexual values, opportunities outside the marriage, and less satisfaction with their primary relationship

Front 34

How Many People Engage in Extramarital Sex?

Back 34

•Not as common as one would believe–NHSLS study says 25% of married men and 15% of married women–Different rates across Canada

•Attitudes toward extramarital sex -our society generally condemns iT

-IS INTERNET INFIDELITY SEX? SORRY CAPS

Front 35

whats the equity theory?

Back 35

-people mentally calculate the benefits and costs for them in a relationship

Front 36

whats swinging?

Back 36

Swinging -married couples exchange partners with each other, or include third partner

Front 37

whats polyamory?

Back 37

more than one simultaneous intimate relationship with consen

Front 38

open relationships

Back 38

self explanatory

Front 39

Myths about sex and aging

Back 39

sex is for the young. –Majority remain sexually active until very old age–Sex is important for the same reasons –physical and emotional pleasure

Front 40

myths about sex and aging

Back 40

older people are not able to enjoy sex

–Relatively few older people have conditions that preclude vaginal intercourse–Those that do find creative ways to enjoy sexual pleasure

Front 41

myths about sex and aging

Back 41

older people are physically unattractive and therefore sexually undesirable.

–If judged by unrealistic standards of perfection portrayed by the popular media, we’re probably all pretty unattractive–Most older people have gained enough emotional maturity and wisdom to understand that our society’s standards of appearance are very superficial

Front 42

whats climacteric period of change?

Back 42

Both genders experience hormonal decline during midlife

Front 43

whats male climacteric like?

Back 43

•Gradual decline in amount of bio-available testosterone

•Decrease in the urgency of sexual desire•More difficult to gain and maintain erection

•Less rigid erection

•Increased refractory period

•Reduced force and volume of ejaculate

•More stimulation required may improve control over orgasm

Front 44

whats female climacteric like?

Back 44

Gradual change in menstrual cycles followed by sharp reduction in estrogen and progesterone

•thinning of vaginal walls

•reduced elasticity of the vagina

•less engorgement of labia

•reduced vaginal and uterine contraction during orgasm

•slowing and reduced vaginal lubrication

•menopause –the end of menstrual periods -symptoms?

Front 45

what factors increase sexual desire?

Back 45

no fear of pregnancy•improved ejaculatory control•more privacy, time and money

Front 46

socio-cultural factors of seuxality and aging

Back 46

•Ageism –discrimination of elders

•Institutions that provide no opportunity for sex among elders

•Social perception of sex among elders as “cute”, troublesome or disagreeable

•Perception of elders as vulnerable

•Social isolation

Front 47

aging in gay and lesbian communities?

Back 47

•may have advantage incoping withstereotyping and stigma•less confined to rigidgender roles•higher degree ofindependence and self-sufficiency

Front 48

what factors decrease sexual desire in old peeps

Back 48

lack of partner –more difficult for women•women live longer

•older men remarry younger women

•age is less valued in women

•non-supportive partner

•slow response may provoke anxiety –especially in men that may result in aggravating the problem

•fatigue and excessive alcohol•negative body image –especially among women