Hrm Ch. 14 Collective Bargaining And Labor Relations

Front 1

unions

Back 1

organizations formed for the purpose of representing their memers' interests in dealing with employees

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labor relations

Back 2

field that emphasizes skills managers and union leaders can use to minimize costly forms of conflict (such as strikes) and seek win-win solutions to disagreements

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craft union

Back 3

labor union whose members all have a particular skills or occupation; responsible for training their members through apprenticeships and for supplying craft workers to employers; EX: International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers

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industrial union

Back 4

labor union whose members are linked by their work in a particular industry; represents many different occupations; changing employers is less common; EX: United Steelworkers of America

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American Federation of Labor and Congree of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO)

Back 5

An association that seeks to advance the shared interests of its member unions at the national level; not a labor union!; represents labor's interest in public policy issues such as labor law, economic policy, and occupatinoal safety and health; provides information and analysis that member unions can use in their activities

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union steward

Back 6

an employee elected by union members to represent them in ensuring that the terms of the labor contract are enforced; investigates complaints; when union deals with several employers (craft union) a BUSINESS REPRESENTATIVE performs like a steward

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trends in union membership

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= declining because: structure change in economy-job growth among women & youth in service sector
= women less likely to belong to union than men
= service industries such as finance, insurance, and real estate have lower union representation than manufacturing
= business growth in South, where workers are less likely to join unions
= mgmt efforts against joining unions

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strong; one third of gvt employees are union members because laws support the right of gvt workers to organize; growth occured most in white-collar employees and the service industry

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Trends with Unions in Government

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Goals of Management

Back 9

increase org's profits
lower costs and raise output
keep org's operations flexible
limit increases in wages and benefits
retain as much control over work rules and schedules

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Goals of Labor Unions

Back 10

obtaining pay and working conditions that satisfy their members
build group solidarity and avoid possible arbritrary treatment of employees
focus on equal pay for equal work
ensure regular flow of new members and member dues

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checkoff provision

Back 11

contract provision under which the employer, on behalf of the union, automatically deducts union dues from employees' paychecks

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closed shop

Back 12

Union security arrangement under which a person must be a union member before being hired; illegal for those covered by the National Labor Relations Act

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union shop

Back 13

union security arrangement that requires employees to join the uino within a certain amount of time (30 days) after beginning employment

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Agency shop

Back 14

union security arrangement that requires the payment of union dues but not union membership

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maintenance of membership

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union security rules not requiring union membership but requiring that employees who join the union remain members for a certain period of time

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"free riders"

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employees who benefit from union activities without belonging to a union

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National Labor Relations Act (NLRA)

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Federal law that supports collective bargaining and sets out the rights of employees to form unions; after it was passed membership in the US nearly tripled

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Section 7 of NLRA

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sets out the rights of employees, including the "right to self-organization, to form, join, or assist labor organizations, to bargain collectively thru representatives of their own choosing, and to engage in other concerted activities for the purpose of collective bargaining"; also have right to refrain from these activities unless membership is a condition of employment

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NLRA protections

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-union organizing
-joining a union, whether recognized by the employer or not
-going out on strike to secure better working conditions
-refraining from activity on behalf of the union

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workers excluded from NLRA's coverage

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-EMPLOYED:
as a supervisor
by a parent or spouse
as an independent contractor
in the domestic service of any person or family in a home
as agricultural laborers
by an employer subject to the Railway Labor Act
by a federal, state, or local gvt
by any other person who is not an employer as defined in the NLRA

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right-to-work laws

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state laws that make union shops, maintenance of membership, and agency shops illegal

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Taft-Hartley Act

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amendment to NLRA; unions may not restrain employers thru:
-mass picketing in such #s that nonstriking employees physically cannot enter the workplace
-engaging in violent acts in connection with a strike
-threatening employees with physical injury or job loss if they dont support
-during contract negotiation insisting on illegal provisions
-terminating an existing contract and striking for a new one without notifying the employer

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National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)

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Federal government agency that enforces the NLRA by conducting and certifying representation elections and investigating unfair labor practices

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consent election

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the employer and the union seeking representation arrive at an agreemtn stating the time and place of the election, the choices included on the ballot, and a way to determine who is eligible to vote

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stipulation election

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parties cannot agree on all of these terms, so the NLRB dictates the time and place, ballot choices, and method of determining eligibility

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associate union membership

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alternative form of union membership in which members receive discounts on insurance and credit cards rather than representation in collective bargaining

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coporate campaigns

Back 27

brining public, financial, or polictical pressure on employers during union organization and contract negotiation; alternative to traditional organizing

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collective bargaining

Back 28

negotiation between union representatives and management representatives to arrive at a contract defining conditions of employment for the term of the contract and to administer that contract

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distributive bargaining

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divides an economic "pie" between two sides--EX: a wage increase means giving the union a larger share of the pie

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integrative bargaining

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looks for win-win solutions, or outcomes in which both sides benefit

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attitudinal structuring

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focuses on establishing a relationship of trust; the parties are concerned about ensuring that the other side will keep its part of any bargain

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intraorganizational bargaining

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addresses conflicts within union or mgmt groups or objectives, such as between new employees and workers with high seniority or between cost control and reduction of turnover

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bargaining structure

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range of epmloyees and employer covered by the contract

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strike

Back 34

a collective decision by union members not to work until certain demands or conditions are met; typically accompanied by picketing; employees do not receive pay

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picketing

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the union stations members near the worksite with signs indicating the union is on strike

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alternatives to strikes

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mediation
arbitration
fact finder

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mediation

Back 37

conflict resolution procedure in which a mediator hears the views of both sides and facilitates the negotiation process by has no formal authority to dictate a resolution

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fact finder

Back 38

third party to collective bargaining who reports the reasons for a dispute, the views and arguments of both sides, and possibly a recommended settlement, which the parties may decline; most used for negotiations with gvt bodies

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arbitration

Back 39

conflict resolution procedure in which an arbitrator or arbitration board determines a binding settlement; most formal type of outside intervention

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grievance procedure

Back 40

the process for resolving union-management conflicts over interpretation or violation of a collective bargaining agreement

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p. 484

Back 41

KNOW steps in an Employee-Initiated Grievance Procedure