History Of Microbiology

Front 1

Mounted two lenses in a tube to produce the first compound microscope

Back 1

Hans and Zacharias Janssen

Front 2

First person to observe microorganisms using a simple microscope

Back 2

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Front 3

Pioneered developments in microscopy (such as immersion lenses and apochromatic lenses)

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Carl Zeiss and Ernst Abbe

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Constructed the first electron microscope

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Ernst Ruska

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An Italian physician who refuted the idea of spontaneous generation

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Francesco Redi

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Famous experiments with swan-necked flasks finally proved that microorganisms do not arise by spontaneous generation

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Louis Pasteur

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Spontaneous generation led to

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Development of sterilization and aseptic technique

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A Hungarian physician who forced the doctors in Vienna hospital to wash their hands before touching patients

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Ignaz Semmelweiss

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Childbed fever is also known as

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Scarlet fever or Peurpural fever

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What is Scarlet or Peurpural fever?

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Causes RBC to rupture

Front 11

Proposed the Germ Theory of disease

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Louis Pasteur

Front 12

Introduced antiseptics in surgery

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Joseph Lister

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What was the antiseptic used by Lister?

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Carbolic acid

Front 14

German bacteriologist that was the first to cultivate anthrax bacteria outside the body by blood serum

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Robert Koch

Front 15

Koch's Postulate

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1. The agent must be present in every case of the disease

2. The agent must be isolated and cultured in vitro

3. The disease must be reproduced when a pure culture of the agent is inoculated into a susceptible host

4. The agent must be recoverable from the experimentally-infected host

Front 16

Bacteria that causes anthrax

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Bacillus anthracis

Front 17

A solidifying agent

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Agar

Front 18

Introduced vaccination or immunization

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Edward Jenner

Front 19

A weakened strain of a fragment

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Vaccine

Front 20

Discovered penicillin

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Alexander Flemming

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Antimicrobial agents produced by microorganisms that kill or inhibit other microorganisms

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Antibiotic

Front 22

Discovered arsphenamine (salvarsan, compound 606)

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Paul Ehrlich

Front 23

Used to treat syphilis

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Arsphenamine (salvarsan, compound 606)

Front 24

Bacteria that causes syphilis

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Treponema pallidum

Front 25

Other term for virus

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Filterbale infectious agent

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Had shown the filterability of the agent tobacco mosaic

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Dimitri Ivanovski

Front 27

Proposed a new category of agent, living and non-particulate, a contagium vivum fluidum

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Martinus W. Beijerinck

Front 28

Their studies led to the use of microbes to produce useful "secondary metabolites" compounds

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Sergei Winogradsky & Martinus Beijerinck

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Examples of secondary metabolites

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Glycerol, lactic acid and pigments

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Father of Soil Microbiology

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Sergei Winogradsky

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Bacterial genetics and transformation (Horizontal transfer characteristics)

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Fredrick Griffith

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Principles of Soil Microbiology

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Selman Waksman

Front 33

Discovered streptomycin, an antibiotic

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Selman Waksman

Front 34

The "magic bullet" or " wonder drug"

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Penicillin

Front 35

What is microbiology?

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The study of microbes, organisms so small that a microscope is needed to study them

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Are living things that are too small to be seen with the naked eye

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Microorganisms

Front 37

3 techniques in microbiology

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1. Aseptic technique

2. Pure culture technique

3. Microscopic observation of whole organisms

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5 types of microbes

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1. Bacteria

2. Fungi

3. Algae

4. Protozoa

5. Virus

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Small, unicellular, prokaryotic organisms possessing cell walls made up of peptidoglycan

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Bacteria

Front 40

Eukaryotic, commonly saprophytic microbes

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Fungi

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Single-celled organisms

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Yeasts

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Filamentous organisms

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Molds

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Fleshy macroscopic fruiting structures

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Mushrooms

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Autotrophic, plant-like organism but without tissue differentiation

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Algae

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Unicellular, animal-like microbes, heterotrophs capable of locomotion

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Protozoa

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3 locomotions of protozoa

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1. Cilia

2. Flagella

3. Pseudopodia

Front 47

Filterable, infectious particles

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Virus

Front 48

11 fields of microbiology

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1. Virology

2. Bacteriology

3. Phycology or Algology

4. Mycology

5. Protozoology

6. Parasitology

7. Microbial cytology

8. Microbial physiology

9. Microbial ecology

10. Microbial genetics

11. Microbial taxonomy

Front 49

Study of virus

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Virology

Front 50

Study of bacteria

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Bacteriology

Front 51

Study of algae

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Phycology or Algology

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Study of fungi

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Mycology

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Study of protozoa

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Protozoology

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Study of organisms that depend on other organisms for food or habitat

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Parasitology

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Deals with the structure and functions of microbial cells

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Microbial cytology

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Study of how the microbial cell functions biochemically

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Microbial physiology

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Deals with the interaction of microbes with other organisms and other components of their environment

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Microbial ecology

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Study of how genes are organized and regulated in microbes in relation to their cellular functions

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Microbial genetics

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Deals with the classification, naming and identification of microbes

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Microbial taxonomy

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8 applied fields of microbiology

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1. Medical microbiology

2. Public health microbiology

3. Food, dair and aquatic microbiology

4. Agricultural microbiology

5. Biotechnology

6. Industrial microbiology

7. Genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology

8. Environmental microbiology

Front 61

Study of the role of microbes in human illness

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Medical microbiology

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Aims to monitor and control the spread of diseases in communities

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Public health microbiology

Front 63

Connected with the relationship between microbes and crops, with an emphasis on improving yield and combating plant diseases

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Agricultural microbiology

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The use of microorganisms, such as bacteria or yeasts, or biological substances, such as enzymes, to perform specific industrial or manufacturing processes

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Biotechnology

Front 65

The exploitation of microbes for use in industrial processes

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Industrial microbiology

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Involves techniques that deliberately alter the genetic make-up of organisms to include new compounds, different genetic combinations, and even unique organisms

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Genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology

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Study of the function and diversity of microbes in their natural environments

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Environmental microbiology

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4 important roles of microbiology

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1. Microbiology in the study of history, anthropology, sociology and economics

2. Role of microbes in food production

3. Role of microbes in cycling of elements and nutrients

4. Industrial applications of microbes

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4 cycling of elements and nutrients

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1. Nitrogen cycle

2. Carbon cycle

3. Sewage treatment

4. Bioremediation

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2 industrial applications of microbes

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1. Vitamins, antibiotics, enzymes, solvents

2. Bioengineering

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3 plagues in the decline of Rome

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1. Antonine plague

2. Plague (measles)

3. Justinian plague