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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What happens at the end of WW1? ( Kaiser) |
Kaiser leaves and New Democratic government took over, eventually signed treaty in 1919 |
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What were Eberts main aims? |
- Restore order and avoid full scale revolution - Change way Germany is governed |
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What were the political, psychological and physical effects of War? |
Political- Kaiser little opposition Working & middle class no say Psychological- People wanted someone to blame for war Physical- Lots of disease, naval blockers meant food shortages |
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Explain the Weimar Constitution |
President ( Ebert ) - elected every 7 years - in emergency, can make law alone Chancellor - Responsible for day running - Chosen by President Reichstag - Proportional representation German people - All women & men over 20 can vote
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Explain the terms of The Treaty of Versailles |
Land - Lost 13% of land - Troop not allowed in Rhineland Army - Army reduced to 100,000 - Wasn't allowed submarines, tanks or Air Force Blame - Took all blame for war Money - £6600m in reparations |
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What did the extreme political group: The Spartacist Rising do in 1919? |
- Wanted full scale revolution - Didn't trust Ebert |
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What did the extreme political group: The Red Rising in the Ruhr, 1920 do? |
- 50,000 workers protested - Lots of strikes - Over 1000 workers killed |
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What did the extreme political group: The Kapp Putsch, 1920 do? |
- 12,000 Freikorps marched to Berlin & government fled - After 4 days, Ebert returned |
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What did the extreme political group: The Munich Putsch,1923 do? |
- Hitler led & 50,000 members - Hitler prisoned for 5 years - Nazis felt apart without Hitler |
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Why was the Weimar Government so unpopular? |
- Treaty of Versailles - French occupation of Ruhr( as they couldn't pay reparations) - Proportional representation (hard to get majority vote) - Hyperinflation - Strength of Communists - Need to rebuild economy |
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How much was a £ worth in July 1914 and in November 1923? |
1914 = £1 = 20 marks 1923 = £1 = 1,680,800,000,000 marks |
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What were 3 of Stressemanns resolutions? |
- Change currency - Co-operate with other countries - Call off passive resistance |
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State 3 reasons for recovery |
- 1926 = Germans allowed to join the League of Nations - Dawes Plan (1924) reduced the reparations - US Loans to Germany |
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State 3 reasons for recovery |
- 1926 = Germans allowed to join the League of Nations - Dawes Plan (1924) reduced the reparations - US Loans to Germany |
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State 3 examples of recovery |
- Fall in unemployment - New factories built - New road and railways - 3,000,000 new houses built - Little support for extremist parties |
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Explain what the Dawes Plan(1924) was |
- Negotiated between USA & Germany - Reparations reduced - German withdrew troops in Ruhr - Loaned 800 million gold marks |
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Explain what the Dawes Plan(1924) was |
- Negotiated between USA & Germany - Reparations reduced - German withdrew troops in Ruhr - Loaned 800 million gold marks |
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Explain the Young Plan (1929) |
- Further reduced to reparations to 2,000 million marks - French promised to evacuate the Rhineland by June 1930 |
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State Stresemanns' Successes and Against |
Successes: - Won Nobel prize - 1926 - Joined League of Nations - Made French leave - Ended hyper-inflation Against: - High unemployment in 1928 - Dependant on other countries - People didn't like him - Wages didn't improve for everyone |
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When did the Wall Street Crash occur and what happened? |
- October 1929 - Unstable government - USA demanded loans back - High poverty and disease - People lost savings - Weimar was too dependant on US loans - 1932- 6million people unemployed in Germany
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What did Hitler promise to Germany? |
- Create 1000s of jobs - Workers fair wages - Recover lost land from Treaty - Protect lower/middle class - Give women special position - Protect farmers & businessman |
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What did Hitler promise to Germany? |
- Create 1000s of jobs - Workers fair wages - Recover lost land from Treaty - Protect lower/middle class - Give women special position - Protect farmers & businessman |
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Who was Josef Goebbels and what did he do? |
Mastermind behind the campaign by promoting by: radio, posters, newspapers and plane |
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When was the Reichstag Fire and what happened? |
- 27th February 1933 - Reichstag building burnt down - 4000 Communist leaders arrested by police - Banned meeting and newspapers of opposing |
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When were the New Elections and what happened? |
- 5th March 1933 - Won 44% of vote - 50+ opponents of Nazi killed |
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When was the Enabling Act and what happened? |
- 24th March 1933 - Act was passed - Hitler wanted this act so he could pass laws without Reichstag |
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When was the Reichstag Fire and what happened? |
- 27th February 1933 - Reichstag building burnt down - 4000 Communist leaders arrested by police - Banned meeting and newspapers of opposing |
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When was the event of the Trade Unions and what happened? |
- 2nd May 1933 - DAF controlled by the Nazi Party |
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When were the New Elections and what happened? |
- 5th March 1933 - Won 44% of vote - 50+ opponents of Nazi killed |
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When was the Enabling Act and what happened? |
- 24th March 1933 - Act was passed - Hitler wanted this act so he could pass laws without Reichstag |
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When were all the politically parties banned? |
- June 1933 |
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When was the Reichstag Fire and what happened? |
- 27th February 1933 - Reichstag building burnt down - 4000 Communist leaders arrested by police - Banned meeting and newspapers of opposing |
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When were the New Elections and what happened? |
- 5th March 1933 - Won 44% of vote - 50+ opponents of Nazi killed |
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When was the Enabling Act and what happened? |
- 24th March 1933 - Act was passed - Hitler wanted this act so he could pass laws without Reichstag |
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When was the event of the Trade Unions and what happened? |
- 2nd May 1933 - DAF controlled by the Nazi Party |
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When were all the politically parties banned? |
- June 1933 |
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When was the Night of Long Knives and what happened? |
- 29th & 30th June 1934 - SA leaders dragged out of beds and shot dead - Röhm was arrested then shot |
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When were the New Elections and what happened? |
- 5th March 1933 - Won 44% of vote - 50+ opponents of Nazi killed |
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When was the event of the Trade Unions and what happened? |
- 2nd May 1933 - DAF controlled by the Nazi Party |
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When were all the politically parties banned? |
- June 1933 |
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When was the Night of Long Knives and what happened? |
- 29th & 30th June 1934 - SA leaders dragged out of beds and shot dead - Röhm was arrested then shot |
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When did Hidenburg die and what did this mean? |
- 2nd August 1934 - Hitler was now President and Chancellor |
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How did Himmler control Germany by terror? |
SS: - 240,000 members trained - Could arrest without trial Concentration Camps: - Kept Jews under control - Tortured heavily Gestapo: (Secret Police) - Arrest & tortured without trial Police: - Ignored crimes committed by Nazis ( as they were corrupt ) Local Wardens: - Visited homes weekly |
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How did Goebbels use propaganda to control Germany? |
Newspapers: - Anti-Nazi papers shut down Rallies: - Powerful and unity - Stadium at Nuremburg built - Uniforms worn, flags hung and torchlight processions Books: - Nazis burnt anti-Nazi books Radios: - Took control of all broadcasting - Made cheap (played speeches) - 1939 = 70% people have radio Films: - Pro-Nazi films made - 1930's Extremely important |
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State the 5 groups of people against Hitler and what they did |
Former Political Opponents: - Strikes, Meetings & Graffiti Churches: - Marriages and baptisms - Many schools Army Officers: - Attempt to assassinate Hitler Young people (Edelweiss): - Publicly singing - 2000 members by 1939 - Active for 6 years Young people (White Rose): - Spread anti-Nazi messages
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What was the curriculum for boys and girls in 1930's? |
Boys: - Took science, maths & military - Prepare boys for war - Did lots of exercise
Girls: - Took needlework, home crafts, breeding and marriage - Prepare for motherhood - Also did some exercise |
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What were the 4 Hitler Youth groups called? |
- Young German Folk - Hitler Youth - Young Girls - League of German Maidens |
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How many members were there in Hitler Youth in 1932 and 1939 |
1932 - 108,000 members 1939 - 7,300,000 members |
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Was was the position of women in 1920's? |
- 20+ years could vote - Prepared at Youth School - Should be at home with children - More employment options open to women - Paid when married and for having children |
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Why did women get the "Honour Cross of German Women" |
If they have 4 or more children |
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What did WW2 mean for women? |
They had to be persuaded into taking jobs |
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Who was Dr Hjalmer Schacht and what was the New Plan (1933-37)? |
- He was the minister of economy ( however sacked in 1937) - New Plan- limits German imports and exchanges - By 1935, production increased by 50% since 1933 |
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Who was Dr Hjalmer Schacht and what was the New Plan (1933-37)? |
- He was the minister of economy ( however sacked in 1937) - New Plan- limits German imports and exchanges - By 1935, production increased by 50% since 1933 |
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Who set up the 4 Year Plan and what was it? |
- Hermann Göring set up plan - Concentrating on preparing Germany for war Military costs: = 1933- 1.9million marks = 1939- 32.3 million marks - Army size grew and started to break the Treaty of Versailles |
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Who was Dr Hjalmer Schacht and what was the New Plan (1933-37)? |
- He was the minister of economy ( however sacked in 1937) - New Plan- limits German imports and exchanges - By 1935, production increased by 50% since 1933 |
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Who set up the 4 Year Plan and what was it? |
- Hermann Göring set up plan - Concentrating on preparing Germany for war Military costs: = 1933- 1.9million marks = 1939- 32.3 million marks - Army size grew and started to break the Treaty of Versailles |
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What were the successes and weakness of the 4 year plan? |
Successes: - Germany was self-sufficient - Started to break the treaty
Weaknesses: - Dependant on other countries - Food shortages as priority in army production |
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What was The Labour Front Scheme? |
- Nazis removed Trade Unions & work rights to negotiate - Unions replaced with Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF) or German Front Labour - Elections abandoned in 1935 |
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What was The Labour Front Scheme? |
- Nazis removed Trade Unions & work rights to negotiate - Unions replaced with Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF) or German Front Labour - Elections abandoned in 1935 |
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What was the Strength Through Joy Scheme? |
- Set up by the DAF - Provide workers with activities when not working ( motivate ) - Hard workers where rewarded. E.g. By cruise on a KdF ship or tickets to theatre |
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What was The Labour Front Scheme? |
- Nazis removed Trade Unions & work rights to negotiate - Unions replaced with Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF) or German Front Labour - Elections abandoned in 1935 |
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What was the Strength Through Joy Scheme? |
- Set up by the DAF - Provide workers with activities when not working ( motivate ) - Hard workers where rewarded. E.g. By cruise on a KdF ship or tickets to theatre |
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What was the Beauty of Labour (SdA) Scheme? |
- Main task = improve work conditions - But workers had to do it themselves in spare time - Wasn't a popular scheme |
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What was the Volkswagen Car Scheme? |
- Made cheap enough for workers to buy by using 5 marks of wages every week |
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State some of the laws introduced to Jew and when they were introduced |
1939 - Must be home by 9pm in summer and 8pm in winter 1940 - Could only buy food between 4pm-5pm 1941 - Can't have pets 1941 - Jewish children cannot go to school 1942 - Can't buy: magazines, milk or eggs |
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By the end of the war how many Jews had been worked to death, gassed or shot |
Some 6,000,000 |
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How was Hitler portrayed ( Cult of the Führer ) |
- Portrayed as a God-like leader - Featured in lots of propaganda - A strong soldier - 'Heil-Hitler' salute - People could meet him on his tours - 'One people, one nation, one leader.' |
